Lecture 8.1 Flashcards
Also start of 8.2 - Varsha ran overtime
Which is the ‘big’ adductor?
magnus
The Gluteus medius and minimus help to do ___ _____ in addition to abduction
medial rotation
what are the fixators of the hip joint and what other movement do they produce?
Piriformis Superior gemellus obturator internus inferior gemellus quadrats femoris
also act as later rotators
Which nerve innervates the gluteus medius and minimus?
Superior Gluteal nerve
Which nerves supply the hip joint?
anteriorly - femoral
inferiorly - Obturator (ant. division)
Posteriorly - superior gluteal nerve to quadratus femors
sciatic
the hip may refer pain to the _____ becase
knee - it lies deeper to the knee and has same innervation
Which blood vessels (from the femoral artery) mainly supplies the hip joint?
medial and later circumflex arteries
The knee is a ___ joint
compound - more than two bones articulating
tibiofemoral and
patellofemoral
also a modified hinge joint
F/E and rotation
The knee is most stable in ______
extension
Why does the knee have poor bone congruence?
condyles are not the same size
shape of articulation - femur and tibia meet at an oblique angle
The articular capsule attaches at articular margins and _____
menisci
The two deficiencies in the knee capsule are from what anteriorly and posteriorly?
anterior: Suprapatella bursa
posterior: popliteal tendon
overuse of the joint can result in synovial ______
synovial effusion - rapid swelling
What is the name of the communication bursae deep to the patella?
suprapatella bursae
the vastus _______ has tiny fibres that attach to the suprapatella bursae and pull it out of the way in extension- to stop ______
the vastus intermedius has tiny fibres that attach to the suprapatella bursae and pull it out of the way in extension- to stop pinching
True or False
The subcutaneous prepatella bursae is non-communicating
true
Lies superficial to the patella
The ______ ______ bursae is prone to inflammation and infection
The subcutaneous infrapatella bursae is prone to inflammation
What are the exterior ligaments of the knee?
Ligamentum patellae
oblique popliteal ligament
Arcuate popliteal ligament
What are the intrinsic ligaments of the knee:
ACL/PCL
Transverse ligament - connect the menisci
The medial colateral ligament is _____
wider
The MCL attaches to the medial ____
meniscus
The MCL works with the ACL to stop the ____ moving too far forward
The MCL works with the ACL to stop the tibia moving too far forward
The lateral colateral Ligament is separated from lateral meniscus by _____tendon
popliteal tendon
Both the LCL and MCL are taut in _______
Extension
Cruciate ligaments stop excessive _____/_____ displacement
Cruciate ligaments stop excessive anterior/posterior displacement
The ACL is prone to injury in _____ and ______ knee
The ACL is prone to injury in flexed and rotated knee
The __ assists internal rotation of femur and contributed to locking
ACL
The PCL is taut in full ____
flexion
The mensici allow separate movements in the knee joint capsule
during rotation the menisci hug the ______ end of the femur
inferior
Ligament and meniscal damage is most common in ______ sports
twisting
The ______ muscle locks and unlocks the knee in conjunct rotation
Popliteus
“pops” the knee out and mobile
Adjunct is when your knee is flexed and can do internal and external rotation, which muscles allow this?
semitendinosus and Biceps femoris
The medial condyle is ______- which helps with the passive locking mechanism
longer
The femoral artery goes through the adductor ____
hiatus
The branches that supply the knee are called _____
genicular arteries
lots of them, lots of blood supply
If contact is with the lateral condyles of the knee it is called genu ____
valgum
The patella increases the pull of the ____ along the long axis of the lower limb - it makes contact with the ____ tuberosity (via patella ligament) at a ____angle = more leverage
The patella increases the pull of the quads along the long axis of the lower limb - it makes contact with the tibial tuberosity at a greater angle = more leverage
Due the oblique angle of the femur, the tendency is for the patella to be pulled ______
Due the oblique angle of the femur, the tendency is for the patella to be pulled laterally
What are the factors that prevent the patella from displacing laterally?
active contraction of vastus medialis
medial patella retinaculum
Raised lip on lateral femoral condyle (the lateral condyle of the femur has an anterior projection)
