Lecture 11.3 Flashcards
Motor activity is evident from.
early stage of fetal development in all studied vertebrates
What is the function of fetal locomotor action?
help refine neural networks - optimise connectivity
It may also be importantn for development of muscle and joints
true or false
spontaneuos activity of neurons is a feature developing neural circuits that are concerned with movement
False
it’s a feature of ALL developing neurons
reciprocally connnected inhibitory internerons produce an elementary ______, _____ pattern of output
reciprocally connnected inhibitory internerons produce an elementary alternating, phasic pattern of output
Stance phase of walking involves ____ muscles
extensor
Swing phase of walking involves ____ muscles
mainly flexor muscles
After SC transection, cats can still generate _____ ______output - they can even increase locomotor ___when treadmill speed increased
After SC transection, cats can still generate patterned locomotor output - they can even increase locomotor speed when treadmill speed increased
Muscle spindles have ___ fibres wrapped around them
sensory
sensory information from _____ and _____ ___ is critical for controlling the precise timing of flexor/extensor offset and onset - and also accounts for increase in speed for acerabral cats
sensory information from spindles and tendon organs is critical for controlling the precise timing of flexor/extensor offset and onset - and also accounts for increase in speed for acerabral cat
sensory activity from muscle and tendon is crucial to make sure locomotion is optimal and you don’t…
fall over/lose balance
In horses, as the stimulation increases..
there is a gait transitiion
What are the functions of the Basal Ganglia
1) allow the selection of complex patterns of voluntary movement
2) Evaluation the sucess of actions achieving the goal
3) initiating movements
Functions of the cerebellum?
The accuracy of the movements
coordinating timing
Maintenance of muscle tone
Motor learning
planning sequences of muscle activation for complex movements
What sort of things go wrong with motor control?>
Tremors
Weakness, Paralysis, Atrophy
Increased responsiveness
Increased tone or spasticity
simple or complex sontaneous movements
lack of coordination
In humans the spinal locomotor circuits can not be actiated, even by activation of the muscle sensory inputs which can initiate locomotion in spinal ________
In humans the spinal locomotor circuits can not be actiated, even by activation of the muscle sensory inputs which can initiate locomotion in spinal quadrupreds