Lecture 11.1

Question 1

Why do we have a longer elliptical outline of femoral condyle, where chimps have a rounder outline?

Answer 1

greater congruence, less of an exertion at the knee joint (we stand upright)

APES NEED A FAR MORE FLEXIBLE KNEE JOINT

Question 2

Discuss the differences of the tibia and fibula in hmans and apes

Answer 2

In humans:
–Tibia robust and WB
–Tibial shaft oriented
perpendicular to proximal
articular surface
–Lateral tibial plateau 92% of
medial
–Fibula slender and NWB

In apes:
–Tibia not as robust
–Fibula mobile and robust
–Lateral tibial plateau 84% of medial

Question 3

Does the chimp foot have an arch?

Answer 3

no

Question 4

In apes, ____ _____inserting onto pelvis helps to maintain hip flexion

Answer 4

In apes, psoas minor inserting onto pelvis helps to maintain hip flexion

Question 5

In apes, gluteus maximus has a ___ area of insertion

Answer 5

In apes, gluteus maximus has a wider area of insertion (on gluteal tuberosity, all the way down the the lateral epicondyle, good extensor)

Question 6

The quadratus ____ is frequntly absent from apes

Answer 6

The quadratus plantae is frequently absent from apes

Question 7

The earliest evidence of fossils aligned with human morphology are from when

Answer 7

6-7 million years ago

Question 8

Facial prognathism is correlated with an increase in the …

Answer 8

size of the brain case

Question 9

The lungs of ______were large (for the glacial regions they were in), meaning the ribs were wide

Answer 9

The lungs of neanderthals were large (for the glacial regions they were in), meaning the ribs were wide

Question 10

Did the neanderthals’ spinous process have the bifid feature?

Answer 10

no - not even all african americans have it

Question 11

Knuckle-walking apes have a distal _____ that has a dorsal margin from which there’s a distal projection

Answer 11

Knuckle-walking apes have a distal radius that has a dorsal margin from which there’s a distal projection

Question 12

The ____ is much more robust in neanderthals - probably wasn’t capable of precision movements (but power movements)

Answer 12

The thumb is much more robust in neanderthals - probably wasn’t capable of precision movements (but power movements)

Question 13

The neanderthals pelvis is quite similar to humans but the pubic symphysis is ____

Answer 13

The neanderthals pelvis is quite similar to humans but the pubic symphysis is longer

Question 14

The larger and longer femoral head and neck developed _______

Answer 14

The larger and longer femoral head and neck developed progressively

Question 15

Obligate bipedalism is only in ____

Answer 15

homo’s