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z - BIO103 - Microbiology > Lecture 8 - Algae > Flashcards

Lecture 8 - Algae Flashcards

1
Q
  • extremely diverse group
  • vary in size from minute to very large species
A

algae

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2
Q

size of minute algae

A

1-5 micrometer

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3
Q

size of very large species of algae

A

50 m

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4
Q

large species of algae

A

kelp

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5
Q

algae have the ability to conduct __

A

photosynthesis

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

where are alge found

A
  • freshwater
  • saltwater
  • tree trunks
  • animal fur
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8
Q

reproduction of algae

A
  • asexually
  • sexually
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9
Q

algal body

A

thallus

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10
Q

what does the algal body lack

A
  • true roots
  • stems
  • leaves
  • vascular system
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11
Q

vegetative structures of multicellular algae

A
  1. thallus
  2. holdfast
  3. stipes
  4. blades
  5. pneumatocyst
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12
Q
  • body
  • lacks conductive tissue
A

thallus

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13
Q

anchor alga to rock

A

holdfasts

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14
Q
  • hollow, stem-like structures
  • does not support weight
A

stipes

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15
Q

leaf likfe structures

A

blades

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16
Q
  • floating
  • gas-filled bladder
A

pneumatocyst

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17
Q

thallus division

A
  1. unicellular
  2. multicellular
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17
Q

what supports the alga

A

surrounding water

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18
Q

unicellular division

A
  1. motile
  2. non motile
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19
Q

motile unicellular

A

Chlamydomonas

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20
Q

nonmotile unicellular

A

Chlorella

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21
Q

mutlicellular division

A
  1. non-motile colony
  2. motile colony
  3. amorphous colony
  4. dendroid colony
  5. filamentous
  6. heterotrichous
  7. siphonous
  8. pseudoparenchymatous
  9. parenchymatous
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22
Q
  • flagella are present
  • single cell carrying out essential functions of life
A

non motile

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23
Q

a single cell with flagella fro locomotion

A

motile

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24
Q

formed by aggregation of individual cells

A

colony

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25
Q

individual cell in the colony lack flagella

A

non motile colony

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26
Q

non motile colony example

A

Pediastrum

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27
Q

phylogenetically speaking, blue-green algae are what

A

cyanobacteria, not eukaryotes

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28
Q

where does cyanobacteria belong

A

domain bacteria

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29
Q

individual cells possess flagella

A

motile colony

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30
Q

example of motile colony multicellular

A

Volvox

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31
Q

numerous non motile cells are embedded in a common mucilaginous matrix

A

amorphous colony

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32
Q
  • slimy substance that some algae produce
  • gelatinous
A

mucilaginous matrix

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33
Q

example of amorphous colony

A

Tetraspora

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34
Q

thallus appears as tree-like under the microscope

A

dendroid forms

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35
Q

example of dendroid forms

A

Dinobryon

36
Q

cells arranged one upon the other in a definite sequence foring filament

A

filamentous

37
Q

in filamentous, filament may be

A
  • branched
  • unbranched
  • pseudobranched
38
Q

filamentous unbranched example

A

Ulothrix

39
Q

filamentous branched example

A

Cladophora

40
Q

filamentous pseudobranched example

A

Scytonema

41
Q

presence of more than one type of filament

A

heterotrichous form

42
Q

example of heterotrichous form

A

Draparnaldiopsis

43
Q
  • elongated thallus without septation
  • multinucleate
A

siphonous form

44
Q

example of siphonous form

A

Vaucheria

45
Q

cell division and associated septation lead to the formation of parenchymatous body

A

parenchymatous forms

46
Q

parenchmatous form resemble what

A

land plants

47
Q

example of parenchymatou forms

A

Chara

48
Q

history of algal classification went from what

A
  • morphology
  • ultrastructure
  • genomic analyses
49
Q

the major groups of algae have been classified into __

A

Divisions

50
Q

what is the equivalent of division

A

phylum

51
Q

standard botanical classification system used in systematics of algae

A
  1. Phylum (division)
  2. Class
  3. Order
  4. Family
  5. Genus
  6. Species
52
Q

suffix of phylum (division)

A

-phyta

53
Q

suffix of class

A

-phyceae

54
Q

suffix of order

A

-ales

55
Q

suffix of family

A

-aceae

56
Q
  • proposed a system of classification of algae
  • divided algae into 11 classes
A

F.E. Fritsch

57
Q

book by F.E. Fritsch

A

The Structure and Reproduction of the Algae

58
Q

Basis of F.E. Fritsch in classification of algae

A

characters of
- pigments
- flagella
- reserve food material

59
Q

11 classes proposed by F.E. Fritsch (-phyceae)

A
  1. Chloro-
  2. Xantho-
  3. Chryso-
  4. Bacillario-
  5. Crypto-
  6. Dino-
  7. Chloromonadineae
  8. Euglenineae
  9. Phaeo-
  10. Rhodo
  11. Myxo-
60
Q

blue green algae class by Fritsch

A

Myxophyceae

61
Q

two basic methods of algal species identification

A
  1. morphological
  2. molecular
62
Q

uses various features observed under a microscope

A

morphological

63
Q

uses a variety of gene regions

A

molecular

64
Q

requires standardized taxonomic literature and a list of taxa

A

identification of algae for bioassessment

65
Q

most common taxonomic reference for diatom identification

A

Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa series

66
Q

utilize a taxonomic approach that is referred to as sensu lato

A

Krammer and Lange-Bertalot

67
Q

meaning a broad interpretation of the morphological variability in specimens that are grouped with a type of specimen

A

sensu lato

68
Q

little variation form the type discription is allowed for identification

A

sensu stricto

69
Q

needed to assign an individual to a name

A

taxonomic training

70
Q

what isi not related to eukaryotic algae

A

cyanobacteria (cyanophyta and prochlorophyta)

71
Q

asexual reproduction of algae

A

production of motile spore

72
Q

vegetative methods of reproduction of algae

A
  • cell division (mitosis) to produce identical offspring
  • fragmentation of colony
73
Q

sexual reproduction of algae

A

union of gametes

74
Q

what is a seaweed

A

multicellular brown alga (
Laminaria)

75
Q

Asexual reproduction of unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas

A
  1. mitosis
  2. growth
76
Q

sexual reproduction of unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas

A
  1. gamete formation
  2. fertilization
  3. zygote formation
  4. meiosis
77
Q

nonsexual phase in the alternation of generations of plants and certain algae

A

Sporophyte

78
Q

motile asexual spore that uses a flagellum for locomotion

A

zoospore

79
Q

egg cell

A

oogonium

80
Q

sperm cell

A

antheridia

81
Q

most important contribution of algae

A

generation of oxygen

82
Q

few species of algae are considered to be

A

pathogenic/toxigenic

83
Q

get a bad rap for creating toxic conditions in oceans and lakes

A

algal bloom

84
Q

main toxin producers in oceans

A
  • certain dinoflagellates and
  • diatoms
85
Q

main toxin producers in freshwater

A

cyanobacteria

86
Q

diatoms can cause neurological disease (memory loss and diarrhea)

A

domoic acid intoxication

87
Q

main cause of algal bloom

A

nutrient pollution

88
Q

fossil deposits of diatoms

A

diatomaceous earth

z - BIO103 - Microbiology (18 decks)

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