Lecture 8 - Algae Flashcards
1
Q
- extremely diverse group
- vary in size from minute to very large species
A
algae
2
Q
size of minute algae
A
1-5 micrometer
3
Q
size of very large species of algae
A
50 m
4
Q
large species of algae
A
kelp
5
Q
algae have the ability to conduct __
A
photosynthesis
6
Q
A
7
Q
where are alge found
A
- freshwater
- saltwater
- tree trunks
- animal fur
8
Q
reproduction of algae
A
- asexually
- sexually
9
Q
algal body
A
thallus
10
Q
what does the algal body lack
A
- true roots
- stems
- leaves
- vascular system
11
Q
vegetative structures of multicellular algae
A
- thallus
- holdfast
- stipes
- blades
- pneumatocyst
12
Q
- body
- lacks conductive tissue
A
thallus
13
Q
anchor alga to rock
A
holdfasts
14
Q
- hollow, stem-like structures
- does not support weight
A
stipes
15
Q
leaf likfe structures
A
blades
16
Q
- floating
- gas-filled bladder
A
pneumatocyst
17
Q
thallus division
A
- unicellular
- multicellular
17
Q
what supports the alga
A
surrounding water
18
Q
unicellular division
A
- motile
- non motile
19
Q
motile unicellular
A
Chlamydomonas
20
Q
nonmotile unicellular
A
Chlorella
21
Q
mutlicellular division
A
- non-motile colony
- motile colony
- amorphous colony
- dendroid colony
- filamentous
- heterotrichous
- siphonous
- pseudoparenchymatous
- parenchymatous
22
Q
- flagella are present
- single cell carrying out essential functions of life
A
non motile
23
Q
a single cell with flagella fro locomotion
A
motile
24
formed by aggregation of individual cells
colony
25
individual cell in the colony lack flagella
non motile colony
26
non motile colony example
_Pediastrum_
27
phylogenetically speaking, blue-green algae are what
cyanobacteria, not eukaryotes
28
where does cyanobacteria belong
domain bacteria
29
individual cells possess flagella
motile colony
30
example of motile colony multicellular
_Volvox_
31
numerous non motile cells are embedded in a common mucilaginous matrix
amorphous colony
32
- slimy substance that some algae produce
- gelatinous
mucilaginous matrix
33
example of amorphous colony
_Tetraspora_
34
thallus appears as tree-like under the microscope
dendroid forms
35
example of dendroid forms
_Dinobryon_
36
cells arranged one upon the other in a definite sequence foring filament
filamentous
37
in filamentous, filament may be
- branched
- unbranched
- pseudobranched
38
filamentous unbranched example
_Ulothrix_
39
filamentous branched example
_Cladophora_
40
filamentous pseudobranched example
_Scytonema_
41
presence of more than one type of filament
heterotrichous form
42
example of heterotrichous form
_Draparnaldiopsis_
43
- elongated thallus without septation
- multinucleate
siphonous form
44
example of siphonous form
_Vaucheria_
45
cell division and associated septation lead to the formation of parenchymatous body
parenchymatous forms
46
parenchmatous form resemble what
land plants
47
example of parenchymatou forms
_Chara_
48
history of algal classification went from what
- morphology
- ultrastructure
- genomic analyses
49
the major groups of algae have been classified into __
Divisions
50
what is the equivalent of division
phylum
51
standard botanical classification system used in systematics of algae
1. Phylum (division)
2. Class
3. Order
4. Family
5. Genus
6. Species
52
suffix of phylum (division)
-phyta
53
suffix of class
-phyceae
54
suffix of order
-ales
55
suffix of family
-aceae
56
- proposed a system of classification of algae
- divided algae into 11 classes
F.E. Fritsch
57
book by F.E. Fritsch
The Structure and Reproduction of the Algae
58
Basis of F.E. Fritsch in classification of algae
characters of
- pigments
- flagella
- reserve food material
59
11 classes proposed by F.E. Fritsch (-phyceae)
1. Chloro-
2. Xantho-
3. Chryso-
4. Bacillario-
5. Crypto-
6. Dino-
7. Chloromonadineae
8. Euglenineae
9. Phaeo-
10. Rhodo
11. Myxo-
60
blue green algae class by Fritsch
Myxophyceae
61
two basic methods of algal species identification
1. morphological
2. molecular
62
uses various features observed under a microscope
morphological
63
uses a variety of gene regions
molecular
64
requires standardized taxonomic literature and a list of taxa
identification of algae for bioassessment
65
most common taxonomic reference for diatom identification
Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa series
66
utilize a taxonomic approach that is referred to as sensu lato
Krammer and Lange-Bertalot
67
meaning a broad interpretation of the morphological variability in specimens that are grouped with a type of specimen
sensu lato
68
little variation form the type discription is allowed for identification
sensu stricto
69
needed to assign an individual to a name
taxonomic training
70
what isi not related to eukaryotic algae
cyanobacteria (cyanophyta and prochlorophyta)
71
asexual reproduction of algae
production of motile spore
72
vegetative methods of reproduction of algae
- cell division (mitosis) to produce identical offspring
- fragmentation of colony
73
sexual reproduction of algae
union of gametes
74
what is a seaweed
multicellular brown alga (
_Laminaria_)
75
Asexual reproduction of unicellular green alga _Chlamydomonas_
1. mitosis
2. growth
76
sexual reproduction of unicellular green alga _Chlamydomonas_
1. gamete formation
2. fertilization
3. zygote formation
4. meiosis
77
nonsexual phase in the alternation of generations of plants and certain algae
Sporophyte
78
motile asexual spore that uses a flagellum for locomotion
zoospore
79
egg cell
oogonium
80
sperm cell
antheridia
81
most important contribution of algae
generation of oxygen
82
few species of algae are considered to be
pathogenic/toxigenic
83
get a bad rap for creating toxic conditions in oceans and lakes
algal bloom
84
main toxin producers in oceans
- certain dinoflagellates and
- diatoms
85
main toxin producers in freshwater
cyanobacteria
86
diatoms can cause neurological disease (memory loss and diarrhea)
domoic acid intoxication
87
main cause of algal bloom
nutrient pollution
88
fossil deposits of diatoms
diatomaceous earth
