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z - BIO103 - Microbiology > Lecture 6B - Archaea > Flashcards

Lecture 6B - Archaea Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

within it the archaea cell contains cytoplasm and DNA

A

cell membrane

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2
Q

how does the cell membrane of Archae differ from other cells

A
  1. chirality of glycerol
  2. ether linkage
  3. isoprenoid chains
  4. branching of side chains
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3
Q

phospholidpid (glycerol) is the L-stereoisomer

A

chirality

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4
Q
  • lack the protruding O atom in ester linkages
  • confers different property
  • survive in extremely acidic or basic environments
  • survive in extremes in temp.
A

ether bonding

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5
Q

what does the ether bonding allow regarding the survival of Archaea

A
  • extremely acidic or alkaline envi.
  • extremes in temp.
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6
Q

side chains of Archaea

A

20 carbon atoms built from isoprene

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7
Q
  • makes it possible to form transmembrane phospholipids
  • can form carbon rings which add stability to CM
A

branching of side chains

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8
Q
  • thermophilic mycoplasma-like archaeon
  • evolved a unique cytoplasmic membrane structure
A

Thermoplasma sp

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9
Q

cytoplasmic membranes of many archaea are structurally a __ __ made up of __ __ __

A
  • lipid bilayer
  • glycerol diether lipids
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10
Q

rotating structures with a filament, as seen in bacterial flagella

A

archaeolla or archaeollum

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11
Q

What is identified in flagellated archaea that is involved in flagellation

A

single major genetic locus

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12
Q

compared to bacterial flagella, archaeal flagella are more similar to what

A

bacterial type IV pili

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13
Q

have conserved amino acid sequences at their N termini, both in mature proteins and in their class III signal peptides, which are similar to type IV pilins

A

flagellins

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14
Q

unique subunit packing of flagella of two phylogenetically distant members of Archaea

A

lack central channel
(subunits added at base instead of pushed to the tip)

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15
Q

role of archaella

A
  • motility
  • chemotaxis
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16
Q

role of archaella in
S. solfataricus

A

essential for swarming motility

17
Q

role of archaella in Pyrococcus

A

cables connecting cells

18
Q

results in the formation of a structured bispecies biofilm

A

interaction between
Pyrococcus furiosus &
Methanopyrus kandleri

19
Q
  • hollow tube-like structures appear to connect cells after division
  • leading to a dense network composed of numerous cells and tubes
  • could serve as a means of anchoring a community of cells to a surface
A

Cannulae

20
Q
  • long helical tube with three hooks at the far end
  • appear to allow cells to attach both to one another and to surfaces, encouraging the formation of a community.
A

Hami

21
Q

length and diameter of hamus

A

1-3 µm (length)
7-8 nm (diameter)

22
Q

helical base structure, with three prickles

A

hamus filament

23
Q

what can be found in the distal end of hamus

A

tripartite, barbed grappling hook

24
Q

major protein of pilus

A

pilin (~17kDa)

25
Q

pili is shown to play a role of what

A

adhesion of cells

26
Q
  • pilus-like structure close to the cell membrane or integrated within the S layer
  • found in Sulfolobus solfataricus
  • made up of substrate binding proteins (SBP), contain class III signal peptide sequences, a feature typical of proteins which are well known to form oligomeric structures in both archaea and bacteria
A

bindosome

27
Q

where are bindosomes found

A

Sulfolobus solfataricus

28
Q

what are bindosomes made up of

A

substrate binding proteins (SBP),
contain class III signal peptide sequences

29
Q

what are the precursor proteins for surface structures

A
  • SBPs
  • prepilins
  • preflagellins
30
Q

process precursor proteins

A

PibD

31
Q

where are precursor proteins inserted by their specific assembly system

A
  • bindosome structure
  • UV inducible pili
  • flagellum
32
Q
  • adhesive filament found in Ignicoccus hospitalis
  • different from archeallins, hamus and cannua
A

IHO670 fibers

33
Q

diameter and length of IHO670 fibers

A
  • up to 20 µm (length)
  • 14 nm (diameter)
34
Q

major protein for archaella synthesis and structure

A

archeallins

z - BIO103 - Microbiology (18 decks)

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