Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

z - BIO103 - Microbiology > Lecture 5A - Domain Bacteria: Taxonomy, Classification and Cell Structure > Flashcards

Lecture 5A - Domain Bacteria: Taxonomy, Classification and Cell Structure Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

different approaches to bacterial classification

A
  1. numerical approach
  2. phylogenetic approach
  3. polyphasic approach
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

three subtopics of taxonomy

A
  1. classification
  2. nomenclature
  3. identification
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ordering of organisms into delineated groups based on similarities

A

classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

naming these groups according to bacterial code

A

nomenclature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

verifying whether an unknown belongs to one of the groups defied in classficiation and named in nomenclature for which a combination of methods is usually applied

A

identification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hierarchical grouping of prokaryotic taxonomy

A

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Subspecies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

why is bacterial taxonomy important

A

helps classify and arrange bewildering diversity of bacteria into groups or taxa on the basis of their mutual similarity or evolutionary relatedness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  • method of classifying organisms with the help of numerical methods
  • each character is given equal weightage in creating new taxa
A

numerical approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ideal means of identifying and classifying bacteria would be to compare each gene sequence in a given strain with the gene sequences for every known species

A

phylogenetic approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

collectively these genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic methods for determining taxonomic position of microbes

A

polyphasic approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

committee of appointed representatives from the national microbiological societies and co-opted members that oversees the nomenclature of prokaryotes, determines the rules by which prokaryotes are named

A

International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how should a bacterial species be named

A

binary combination:
genus
single specific epithet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

prokaryote nomenclature, is used to name prokaryotic phyla that are well characterized but yet-uncultured

A

Candidatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • biggest group
  • Gram-negative
  • mythical Greek god, Proteus, who could assume many shapes
A

Phylum Proteobacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Proteobacteria name

A

from Greek god, Proteus, who could assume many shapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Five subgroups of Phylum Proteobacteria

A
  1. alpha Proteobacteria
  2. beta Proteobacteria
  3. gamma Proteobacteria
  4. delta Proteobacteria
  5. epsilon Proteobacteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  • include most proteobacteria capable of growth at very low nutrient levles
  • some have unusual morphology
  • includes agriculturally important bacteria
A

alpha Proteobacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

most extreme environment

A

air/atmosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

least extreme environment

A

soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

assume many shapes

A

pleomorphic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

alpha Proteobacteria includes what

A

agriculturally important bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  • usually found in sewage and decomposition areas
  • containas Neisseria gonorrhoeae which causes gonorrhea and Neisseria meningitidis cause of meningitis
A

beta Proteobacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

most of beta Proteobacteria are what

A
  • anerobic
  • some are facultative anaerobic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q
  • largest Proteobacteria subgroup
  • many are beneficial symbionts of the gut
  • some human pathogens
  • few oxidize sulfur compounds
  • contains Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriales
A

gamma Proteobacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

gamma Proteobacteria microorgansms

A

Pseudomonas
Enterobacteriales

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Psuedomonas are what

A
  • opportunistic pathogens
  • metabolically diverse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Enterobacteriales inhabit where

A

intestinal tracts of humans and other animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Genera under Enterobacteriales

A
  1. Enterobacter
  2. Escherichia**, e.g E. col
  3. Klebsiella
  4. Proteus
  5. Salmonella**
  6. Serratia
  7. Shigella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

causes disease if immune system is low

A

Enterobacter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q
  • include bacteria that attack other bacteria
  • include sulfure reducing bacteria
A

delta Proteobacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Anaerobic delta Proteobacteria

A

Desulfovibrio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

two types of aerobic delta Proteobacteria

A
  1. predator
  2. gliding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

aerobic delta Proteobacteria:
predator

A

Bdellovibrio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

aerobic delta Proteobacteria:
gliding

A

Myocococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q
  • slender and helical
  • include Helicobacter pylori
A

epsilon Proteobacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Two types of epsilon Proteobacteria

A
  1. polar flagella
  2. Peritrichous flagella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

epsilon Proteobacteria:
polar flagella

A

Campylobacter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Campylobacter

A

threat in food industry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

epsilon Proteobacteria:
Peritrichous flagella

A

Helicobacter

40
Q

causes peptic ulcers

A

Helicobacter pylori

41
Q
  • some species are photoautotrophic but some are symbionts of plants and animals
  • others are pathogens
  • eukaryotic mitochondria are thought to be derived from bacteria in this group
A

alpha Proteobacteria

42
Q

representative organisms in alpha Proteobacteria

A
  1. Rhizobium
  2. Rickettsia
43
Q

nitrogen fixing endosymbiont associated with the roots of legumes

A

Rhizobium

44
Q

obligate intracellular parasite that causes typhus and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

A

Rickettsia

45
Q

caused by Vitamin C deficiency

A

rickets

46
Q
  • diverse
  • some species play an important role in the nitrogen cycle
A

beta Proteobacteria

47
Q

representative organisms in beta Proteobacteria

A
  1. Nitrosomas
  2. Spirillum minus
48
Q

oxidize ammonia into nitrite

A

Nitrosomas

49
Q

causes rat-bite fever

A

Spirillum minus

50
Q
  • many are beneficial symbionts that populate the human gut
  • others are familiar human pathogens
  • some species oxidize sulfur compounds
A

gamma Proteobacteria

51
Q

representative organisms of gamma Proteobacteria

A
  1. Escherichia coli
  2. Salmonella
  3. Yersinia pestis
  4. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  5. Vibrio cholera
  6. Chromatium
52
Q

normally beneficial microbe of the human gut, but some strains cause disease

A

Escherichia coli

53
Q

certain strains cause food poisoning or typhoid fever

A

Salmonella

54
Q

causative agent of Bubonic plague

A

**Yersinia pestis

55
Q

causes lung infections

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

56
Q

causative agent of cholera

A

Vibrio cholera

57
Q
  • sulfur-producing
  • oxidize sulfur, producing H2S
A

Chromatium

58
Q
  • some species generate a spore-forming fruiting body in adverse conditions
  • others reduce sulfate and sulfur
A

delta Proteobacteria

59
Q

representative organisms of delta Proteobacteria

A
  1. Myxobacteria
  2. Desulfovibrio vulgaris
60
Q

generate spore-forming fruiting bodies in adverse conditions

A

Myxobacteria

61
Q
  • anaerobic
  • sulfate-reducing bacterium
A

Desulfovibrio vulgaris

62
Q
  • many species inhabit the digestive tract of animals as symbionts or pathogens
  • bacteria from this gruop have been found in deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seep habitats
A

epsilon Proteobacteria

63
Q

representative organisms of epsilon Proteobacteria

A
  1. Campylobacter
  2. Helicobacter pylori
64
Q

causes blood poisoning and intestinal inflammation

A

Campylobacter

65
Q

causes stomach ulcers

A

Helicobacter pylori

66
Q

Four other Phylum of bacteria

A
  1. Chlamydias
  2. Spirochetes
  3. Cyanobacteria
  4. Gram-positive bacteria
67
Q
  • all members of this group are obligate intracellular parasites of animal cells
  • cell walls lack peptidoglycan
A

chlamydias

68
Q

all members of the Chlamydia are what

A

obligate intracellular parasites

69
Q

representative organisms of chlamydias

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

70
Q

common sexually transmitted disease that can lead to blindness

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

71
Q
  • most members, which has spiral-shaped cells, are free-living anaerobes, but some are pathogenic
  • flagella run lengthwise in the periplasmic space between the inner and outer membrane
A

spirochetes

72
Q

representative organisms of spirochetes

A
  1. Treponema pallidum
  2. Borrelia burgdorferi
73
Q

causative agent of syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum

74
Q

causative agent of Lyme disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

75
Q
  • soil-dwelling members of this subgroup decompose organic matter
  • some species cause disease
  • have thick cell wall and lack outer membrane
A

Gram-positive bacteria

76
Q

representative organisms of Gram-positive bacteria

A
  1. Bacillus anthracis
  2. Clostridium botulinum
  3. Clostridium difficile
  4. Streptomyces
  5. Mycoplasmas
77
Q

causes anthrax

A

Bacillus anthracis

78
Q

causes Botulism

A

Clostridium botulinum

79
Q

botulism

A

caused by a toxin that attacks the body’s nerves

80
Q

causes diarrhea during antibiotic therapy

A

Clostridium difficile

81
Q

many antibiotics, including streptomycin, are derived from these bacteria

A

Streptomyces

82
Q
  • tiny bacteria, smallest known, lack cell wall
  • some are free-living, some pathogenic
A

Mycoplasmas

83
Q

oxygenic photoautotrophs

A

Cyanobacteria

84
Q

anoxygenic photoautotrophs

A

Chlorobi

85
Q

possess axial filament

A

Spirochetes

86
Q

Intracellular parasites

A

Chlamydia

87
Q
  • Gram-positive and Low G+C ratio
  • DNA is made up of base pairs
  • includes important endospore forming bacteria
A

Gram +: Firmicutes

88
Q
  • Gram-positive and High G+C ratio
  • take on many shapes/forms (pleomorphic)
A

Gram +: Actinobacteria

89
Q

reproductive structures that enable filamentous fungi to produce and disseminate large numbers of asexual spores

A

Conidiophores

90
Q

causes TB and leprosy

A

Mycobacterium

90
Q

PCR indicates up to how many bacteria

A

10,000 bacteria/gm of soil

91
Q

why are many bacteria not identified or characterized

A
  1. haven’t been cultured
  2. need special nutrients
  3. part of complex food chains requiring products of other bacteria
  4. need to be cultured to understand metabolism and ecological role
92
Q
  • also known as blue-greeb algae
  • obtain energy through photosynthesis
  • ubiquitous
  • eukaryotic chloroplasts are thought to be derived from bacteria in this group
A

Cyanobacteria

93
Q

Representative organisms of Cyanobacteria

A

Prochlorococcus

94
Q
  • Believed to be the most abundant photosynthetic organism on earth
  • responsible for generating half the world’s oxygen
A

Prochlorococcus

z - BIO103 - Microbiology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions