Lecture 7

Question 1

6 categories of human sensory receptors

Answer 1

chemosensor

mechanoreceptor

noiceptor

photoreceptor

thermoreceptor

phono-receptors

Question 2

variation in human sensory capacity is due to …

Answer 2

genetics
maturation
circadian rhythm
experience / training
fatigue
injury / disease
etc

Question 3

what is the first step in the process of sensation

Answer 3

reception - ability of receptor to absorb energy of a stimulus

Question 4

what is the second step in the process of sensation

Answer 4

transduction - conversion of stimulus energy into a membrane potential, transfers it into a certain action potential

Question 5

what is the third step in the process of sensation

Answer 5

Gets information out there into the body so it can be used APs->CNS

Question 6

what is the fourth step in the process of sensation

Answer 6

Integration: our brains trying to process this information depends on the frequency of the signals coming to the brain

Question 7

what is sensation coded as

Answer 7

frequency of neurons firing

Question 8

a decrease in responsiveness by receptors due to continual stimulation usually means what has occurred

Answer 8

accomodation of a stimulus

Question 9

a uniformly maintained stimulus of constant intensity is perceived as what over time (and an example)

Answer 9

perceived as progressively weaker with time

example = when you put your clothes on in the morning you can feel them, but this becomes dull

Question 10

a variable intensity stimulus of shorter durations is perceived as what over time

Answer 10

perceived as progressively stronger over time

Question 11

what is meant by sensation

Answer 11

detect the information

Question 12

what is perception

Answer 12

understand it, to make sense of it

Question 13

what are the two roles of the primary somatosensory cortex and how is it organised

Answer 13

integration of sensory information

provides meaning to our perceptions topographically

topographically organised

Question 14

what occurs if there are lesions to the primary somatosensory cortex (3)

Answer 14

defective localisation

loss of proprioception

tactile agnosia

Question 15

what is tactile agnosia

Answer 15

trouble to identify an object by touch alone

Question 16

why cant we tickle ourselves

Answer 16

Our brain anticipates whats coming to us and turns down sensitivity threshold

Question 17

what are the three main types of receptors

Answer 17

interoceptors

proprioceptors

exteroceptors

Question 18

what are interoceptors

Answer 18

states our internal organs (not so relevant for motor control)

Question 19

what are proprioceptors

Answer 19

information about our own movements

Question 20

what are examples of proprioceptors

Answer 20

muscle receptors

joint receptors

cutaneous receptors

vestibular system

Question 21

what are exteroceptors

Answer 21

information about the movement of objects in the environment
Vision and audition

Question 22

what is proprioception

Answer 22

sensation and perception of the position and movement of limbs, head and trunk

Question 23

what are muscle spindles parallel to

Answer 23

spindles are parallel to muscle fibres

Question 24

when will a muscle spindle fire

Answer 24

when the muscle is stretched

Question 25

what do muscle spindles send

Answer 25

signals via motor neurons to spine and up (afferent)

Question 26

what are type II muscle spindles more sensitive to

Answer 26

length

Question 27

what are type Ia muscle spindles more sensitive to

Answer 27

velocity

Question 28

when will golgi tendon organs fire

Answer 28

when muscle contracts

Question 29

where are golgi tendon organs found

Answer 29

within tendons

Question 30

what do golgi tendon organs give feedback of

Answer 30

muscle tension

Question 31

what are joint receptors

Answer 31

sensory endings in the joint

Question 32

what do joint receptors tell us

Answer 32

provide information of the joint angle

Question 33

what are cutaneous receptors

Answer 33

receptors in the skin

Question 34

what do mechanoreceptors measure

Answer 34

deformation of skin

Question 35

what is signals balance in the vestibular system

Answer 35

information about the position and movement of head

Question 36

what is the location of the vestibular system

Answer 36

middle inner ear deep within the temporal bone

Question 37

what are sensors of the vestibular system triggered by

Answer 37

linear and angular acceleration of the head