Lecture 36

Question 1

what is cerebral meant in cerebral palsy

Answer 1

related to the brain

Question 2

what is palsy meant in cerebral palsy

Answer 2

paralysis, especially that which is accompanied by involuntary tremors

Question 3

what is spasticity meant in cerebral palsy

Answer 3

affected by muscle spasms

Question 4

what are the mechanisms of cerebral palsy

Answer 4

premature birth

lack of enough blood and oxygen before birth or during birth

brain injury

serious brain infection

Question 5

how many children are born with cerebral palsy

Answer 5

1 in 500

Question 6

what does cerebral palsy effect

Answer 6

ability to move and control posture

Question 7

what is the most common type of cerebral palsy

Answer 7

spastic (70-80%)

Question 8

what are the 3 types of cerebral palsy

Answer 8

spastic
dyskenetic
ataxic

Question 9

What are the three different parts of the body wher CP can occur

Answer 9

quadriplegia (all 4)
diplegia (just the bottom limbs)
hemiplegia (one side of the body)

Question 10

what are the gait problems of cerebral palsy

Answer 10

decreased walking speed

decreased walking distance

balance problems

Question 11

what are the four gait types in cerebral palsy

Answer 11

*Type 1 – weak or paralysed/silent
dorsiflexors (= dropfoot) (true equinus)

*Type 2 – type 1 + triceps surae
contracture (jump gait)

*Type 3 – type 2 + hamstrings and/or
Rectus Femoris spasticity (apparent
equinus)

*Type 4 – type 3 + spastic hip flexors and
adductors (crouch gait)

Question 12

can physical training help young children with cerebral palsy

Answer 12

children showed improved gross motor function, walking speed and walking endurance

Question 13

what did adolescent cerebral palsy participants report with physical training

Answer 13

reported psychologicial benefits such as a feeling od increased wellbeing and improved participation in school and activities

Question 14

what was found in adults with cerebral palsy with physical training

Answer 14

spasticity decreased

muscle strength increased

Question 15

developmental coordination disorder affects perceptual motor skills such as

Answer 15

handwriting

generating and monitoring internal models of action

inability to mentally represent and efficiently plan actions

gross motor skills and fundamental movement skills

driving a car

Question 16

children with DCD have difficulties to predict

Answer 16

the consequences of their actions

Question 17

Four types of interventions

Answer 17

1) Task oriented interventions
2) Traditional physical therapy and occupational therapy
3) process-oriented therapies
4)Chemical supplement

Question 18

what orientated approaches are not recommended for improving motor performance in DCD

Answer 18

process

Question 19

down syndrome occurs 1 in how many births

Answer 19

1 in every 800 births

Question 20

abnormal cell devision results in what in down syndrome people

Answer 20

results in extra genetic material from chromosomes 21 leading to people with down syndrome having 47 chromosomes rather than 46

Question 21

what are the 2 motor behaviour issues associated with down syndrome and what causes them

Answer 21

reduced muscle tone and joint laxity leads to reduced:

gross and fine motor skills

Question 22

what is there some evidence for static posture in down syndrome people

Answer 22

for differential allocation of resources when sensory inputs altered

Question 23

what is the suggestion for dynamic posture in down syndrome people

Answer 23

suggestion that central processes are cause of delays to postural control

Question 24

what is the incidence of parkinson’s disease

Answer 24

8-18 people per 100,000

Question 25

a combination of what leads to parkinson’s disease

Answer 25

combination of genes and environmental factors lead to the development of parkinson’s

Question 26

research into the environmental causes of parkinson’s investigates the risk factors of :

Answer 26

alcohol

smoking

coffee

antioxidants

fat / free fatty acids

dietary iron

inflammation

oestrogens

Question 27

parkinson’s develops as a result of

Answer 27

loss of neurons in parts of the basal ganglia associated with dopamine

Question 28

symptoms of parkinson’s disease

Answer 28

delayed movement initiation
movement slowness
reduced movement amplitude
tremor at rest
etc

Question 29

deep brain stimulation of subthalamic nucleus shows improvements in what with people with parkinson’s disease

Answer 29

improvements in gait and balance following implantation

Question 30

what is cerebral palsy

Answer 30

paralysis, spasticity or tremors resulting from damage to the cerebral cortex

Question 31

what are the causes of developmental coordination disorder

Answer 31

unknown causes

Question 32

what is parkinson’s disease a disorder of

Answer 32

neurodegenerative disorder