Lecture 25 Flashcards
Attention and emotion
Assuming you are currently a
novice how much practice do you
need to beat a chess grandmaster?
1 year of high-quality practice (variable, high CI, distributed,
consolidated, self-design)
Attention
Attention is critical for effective decision making, motor
performance AND learning
Attention is critical for effective decision making, motor
performance AND learning
attentional capacity is not limitless
attention is selected either …. or ….
selected either intentionally
or incidentally
the focus of attention is ….. or ….. and ….. or ….
the focus of attention is wide or narrow and internal or external
in single channel filter theories of attentional capacity, the system can process how many tasks at a time and what is meant by this
the system can process only one task at a time
provided with 3 tasks, but one is filtered through the system
Selective Attention
Due to limited attentional capacity we filter out less
relevant information to prioritise the most relevant
what are the multiple resource theories in selective attention
several attention mechanisms, each with limited capacity
If tasks require a common mechanism they
will be difficult
to perform simultaneously
Attentional Capacity
is critical to
understanding the
importance of
automaticity of
performance.
As some skills become
automatized, the
individual can
attend
to other aspects of
the environment
Expert-like gaze behaviour
Efficient visual search
Extended visual span
Selective attention
Efficient visual search
Attention is guided to target item immediately, making the
rest of the scene irrelevant
Extended visual span
Pre-attentive processing of the scene before selective
attention is directed to specific locations
Selective attention
Attention is guided by the information stored in long-term
memory (repeated exposure because of experience)
Focus of
Attention
Four attentional styles emerge
- Internal broad
- Internal narrow
- External broad
- External narrow
The cross
Broad internal- Team game plan
Narrow internal- My job
Broad external- Phase of play
Narrow external-The opposition
Instruction and Attention Research
The external group was getting much better retention than internal group
If the task is complex / challenging,
learning advantages of external
focus across a wide range of skill
levels
external focus across a wide range of skill levels
there is less benefit of external focus in what types of tasks
simple tasks
Inattentional Blindness
Due to selective attention, it is easy to miss information in perceptual tasks with high cognitive demands (perception, memory)
What is an emotion?
A mental state that arises spontaneously rather than through conscious effort and is often accompanied by physiological
changes; a feeling of…
e.g., anxiety, joy, anger, etc.
Traditionally, emotions have
generally been viewed as:
Irrational
Instinctive
Transient
Negative and detrimental
constraints on behaviour…
- To date, emotions have been
largely ignored by
movement science
what type of external focus is best
external focus is better should it be narrow
Movement Science:
Research Methods
Mechanistic
Humans compared to machines
(e.g. computer analogy)
Deterministic modelling in
biomechanics
Individual differences downplayed
Movement Science:
Research Methods
Reductionist
Naturally integrated processes
(perception & action) separated
Simplified, laboratory movement
tasks
Emotions are too complex
