Lecture 21

Question 1

Constraints

Answer 1

Tendency for complex systems to arrange themselves into ordered patterns influenced by “"”key variables”””” - which are constraints

Question 2

Coordination

Answer 2

Is the product of physical laws of complex systems not
some mystical quality which cannot be explained

Question 3

Human movement patterns arise from interactions between

Answer 3

TASK,
ENVIRONMENTAL & ORGANISMIC constraints

Question 4

Constraints are both
and they

Answer 4

restrictive AND enabling
emerge and decay on different timescales

Question 5

Movement System DoFs can
potentially be configured in huge variety of ways
BUT

Answer 5

Constraints shape the ways that DoFs in a dynamical movement system are
configured

Question 6

Posture as a rate limiting constraint

Answer 6

Posture is the foundation upon which movement is constructed. Controlling posture has an important influence upon how skills
are performed.

Question 7

Postural control doesn’t reach mature levels
until

Answer 7

8-9 yrs old

Question 8

Posture influences

Answer 8

readiness to learn complex skills

Question 9

Constraints enable as well as

Answer 9

restrict movement

Question 10

Task, Organism, environment enabling or restricting

Answer 10

e.g equipment, strength, friction

Question 11

Direct

Answer 11

Change directly influences
movement pattern
E.g. for learner skier:
 Confidence, posture, snow
conditions, gravity, etc

Question 12

Indirect

Answer 12

More subtle influence on
movement
 Ski clothes, pole length,
temperature, etc.

Question 13

Emergent

Answer 13

Influence grows stronger
with learning
E.g. for learner skier:
 Flexibility in hips, knees, ski
equipment, etc

Question 14

Decaying

Answer 14

Influence degrades with
learning
Anxiety, people watching.
etc.

Question 15

Bioecological model

Answer 15

Holistic, longitudinal, and contextual overview of human development

Question 16

Interactions between individual and
environment are

Answer 16

proximal processes

Question 17

4 nested subsystems (the bigger picture)

Answer 17

Microsystem (school, learn, club)
Mesosystem (Practive facility)
Exosystem (demography)
Macrosystem (Historical context)

Question 18

Evolutionary
advantages of
adaptability

Answer 18

• Shelter and warmth
• Hunting
• Defence
• Relationships / mating
• Exploit environmental
  niches

Question 19

It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one that is

Answer 19

The most adaptable to change

Question 20

The world is changing fast, and so must we

Answer 20

Artificial intelligence is catching up with (or overtaking?) the
natural ability human to learn

More jobs and careers are being automated and will increasingly
be in the future

Question 21

So, what uniquely human attributes should we promote?

Answer 21

 Innovation and creativity
 Critical thinking
 Adaptability
 Communication and teamwork
 Emotional intelligence

Question 22

21st century Movement Constraints

Answer 22

-Globilisation
-Digital world
-Social media
-Climate change
-Corona virus

Question 23

Catch the wave: 21st Century Careers

Answer 23

 High turn-over skill sets, rapid learners
 Information literacy, filter fact from fiction
 Link concepts, see patterns
 Communication & collaboration
 Global awareness, socio-cultural sensitivity

Question 24

Repetition without

Answer 24

Repetition
Practice adapting to subtle changes in constraint