Lecture 21 Flashcards
Constraints
Tendency for complex systems to arrange themselves into ordered patterns influenced by “"”key variables”””” - which are constraints
Coordination
Is the product of physical laws of complex systems not
some mystical quality which cannot be explained
Human movement patterns arise from interactions between
TASK,
ENVIRONMENTAL & ORGANISMIC constraints
Constraints are both
and they
restrictive AND enabling
emerge and decay on different timescales
Movement System DoFs can
potentially be configured in huge variety of ways
BUT
Constraints shape the ways that DoFs in a dynamical movement system are
configured
Posture as a rate limiting constraint
Posture is the foundation upon which movement is constructed. Controlling posture has an important influence upon how skills
are performed.
Postural control doesn’t reach mature levels
until
8-9 yrs old
Posture influences
readiness to learn complex skills
Constraints enable as well as
restrict movement
Task, Organism, environment enabling or restricting
e.g equipment, strength, friction
Direct
Change directly influences
movement pattern
E.g. for learner skier:
Confidence, posture, snow
conditions, gravity, etc
Indirect
More subtle influence on
movement
Ski clothes, pole length,
temperature, etc.
Emergent
Influence grows stronger
with learning
E.g. for learner skier:
Flexibility in hips, knees, ski
equipment, etc
Decaying
Influence degrades with
learning
Anxiety, people watching.
etc.
Bioecological model
Holistic, longitudinal, and contextual overview of human development
Interactions between individual and
environment are
proximal processes
4 nested subsystems (the bigger picture)
Microsystem (school, learn, club)
Mesosystem (Practive facility)
Exosystem (demography)
Macrosystem (Historical context)
Evolutionary
advantages of
adaptability
- Shelter and warmth
- Hunting
- Defence
- Relationships / mating
- Exploit environmental
niches
It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one that is
The most adaptable to change
The world is changing fast, and so must we
Artificial intelligence is catching up with (or overtaking?) the
natural ability human to learn
More jobs and careers are being automated and will increasingly
be in the future
So, what uniquely human attributes should we promote?
Innovation and creativity
Critical thinking
Adaptability
Communication and teamwork
Emotional intelligence
21st century Movement Constraints
-Globilisation
-Digital world
-Social media
-Climate change
-Corona virus
Catch the wave: 21st Century Careers
High turn-over skill sets, rapid learners
Information literacy, filter fact from fiction
Link concepts, see patterns
Communication & collaboration
Global awareness, socio-cultural sensitivity
Repetition without
Repetition
Practice adapting to subtle changes in constraint
