Lecture 28 Flashcards
Four periods in the study of motor
development:
➢Precursor (1787 – 1928)
➢Maturational Period (1928 – 1946)
➢Normative/descriptive period (1946 – 1970)
➢Process-oriented period (1970 - present)
1 - Precursor Period (1787 – 1928)
❖ Single child biographies
❖ Focus on product of development
2- Maturational Period (1928 – 1946)
❖ Studies involved multiple children
❖ Rate and order of development questioned
Normative/descriptive period (1946 – 1970)
❖ Motor development now separated from cognitive development
❖ Significant researchers in this period were Physical Educators.
4 - Process-oriented period (1970 - present)
❖ Most rapid growth in knowledge about development
❖ Study the influence of processes including memory, feedback and
perception on changes to motor behaviour
❖ Shift from information processing approach to dynamical systems
approach
What is Motor Development?
✓ The study of the changes to perceptual motor systems, underlying processes and products of
functional motor behaviour across the lifespan
Growth →
Changes in physical size
Heredity →
Qualities fixed at birth guided by genetic structure
that account for individual traits
Maturation →
Refers to timeline of development of organ
systems, physical structures and motor capabilities.
Affordances →
Opportunities for action the in environment
Self orgamisation properties →
The ability the perceptualmotor system has to self-select patterns of action (attractors)
Adaptation →
Person’s response to environmental stimuli
Readiness →
Combination of maturation and experience
- Perceptual-motor (re)calibration
scaling of action capabilities
to allow distinction between the possible and impossible
opportunities for action in an individual’s surroundings
Which segment grows the most from birth to
maturity?
Legs
As the legs get longer the …
The centre of mass becomes bigger and higher
Development progresses in
cephalocaudal and
proximodistal directions
Cephalocaudal
Head -> Feet
Proximodistal
Inside -> out
Lifespan changes in development
How many periods/ stages of lifespan
How many phases in the development continuum
- 5 periods/stages of lifespan
development - 7 phases in the
developmental continuum
Developmental continuum
✓ Reflexive/Spontaneous Movement Phase
Prenatal
✓ Rudimentary Phase
Infancy
✓ Fundamental Movement Phase
Early childhood
✓ Sport Skill Phase
Later childhood
✓ Growth and Refinement Phase
Adolescence
✓ Peak Performance
Adulthood
✓ Regression
Older adulthood
what is the critical period for grasping behaviour in babies
4-8 months
what is the sensitive period where babies are most sensitive to alcohol
during the first trimester of pregnancy the infant is very sensitive to alcohol
abilities both … and …, or may develop atypically
abilities both progress and regress, or may develop atypically
during infancy (0-2 years) there development is what orientated
survival orientated
what is the stage of development through childhood
explore physical and social environments
what is the relation between age and coordination
non linear
after the age of 30 what happens to our coordination
coordination seems to decrease
Girls are better at
Balance and coordination
Boys are better at
Striking, throwing and catching
