Lecture 2 Flashcards
what is motor control
the study of neural, physical and behavioural aspects of human movement
what is motor learning
the study of the processes involved in the acquisition of a motor skill and the factors that enhance or inhibit an individuals capability to perform a motor skill
what is motor development
the study of the products and underlying processes of motor behaviour changes across the life span
what is a skill
the adaptation of ones coordination patterns to produce functional and beneficial outcomes in contexts that require them
generally, what is an ability
(generally) genetically predetermined general trait or capacity of the individual that affects performance
what is posture
relative arrangement of the body parts
what is technique
any coordination pattern applied to the performance of a specific motor action
example of technique (the nervous system)
the way the nervous system organises the different elements of the body together to move
what is the environment predicability like in open and closed skills
open skill = variable and unpredictable environment
closed skill = stable and predictable environment
what are the three types of nature of the skill
continuous
discrete
serial
what is a continuous skill and what is an example
where the movement ongoing and uninterrupted, with no clear beginning or end point
e.g running or swimming
what is a discrete skill and what is an example
they have a clear and defined starting and ending points
e.g throwing or catching
what is a serial skill and what is an example
they consist of a series of discrete actions performed in a specific sequence or order
e.g wrestling takedown or basketball layup
what are the two types of movement precision and examples
fine motor skills (e.g playing piano or writing)
gross motor skills (e.g kicking or striking)
two types of time constraint taxonomy
self paced skills (golf)
externally paced skills (cricket)
The field of Mot control considers
- Nature of movement
-Motor system structures
-Processes/ mechanisms e.g
> Anticipatory postural adjustments
>Compensatory/ Integrative postural adjustments (CPAs)
>reaction time
>perceptual motor integration
what are APA’s
preparatory movements made by the body’s musculoskeletal system in anticipation of an upcoming voluntary movement
what is the degrees of freedom problem
how the nervous system constrains and controls the large number of degrees of freedom in our body to produce coordinated movement
what is the serial order problem
how do we sequence and time our movements appropriately ?
what are the 6 important issues in motor learning
performance
transfer
feedback
stages of learning
practice
retention
what is phylogeny
evolutionary development of a species
what is ontogeny
development across the lifespan of an individual
