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Biology🧪🌱💦 > Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name all 3 parts of the cell theory:

A

1) a cell is the smallest unit of life
2) new cells arise from pre-existing cells
3) cells make up all living things

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2
Q

Who is the English Physicist who use the word “cell”

A

Robert Hooke

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3
Q

Why did he call them cells?

A

cell = small rooms

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4
Q

Who built microscopes that magnified over 200 times?

A

Anton van Leewenhoek

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5
Q

Tell me the range of cell size

A

small: 8-100 um

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6
Q

1 metter is how many mm and um?

A

1 meter
1 000 mm
1 000 000 um

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7
Q

Why so small

A

if celle size is big, then metabolic needs are high too

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8
Q

Does the volume or surface increase at agreater rate?

A

it’s the volume that increases at a greater rate

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9
Q

Why is cell size limited?

A

because of requirements for homeostasis

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10
Q

Metabolic demandes are determines by what
and
Transport of materials is dertermined by what?

A

Volume
and
surface area (plasma membrane)

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11
Q

What does it mean if the cells are small?

A

lots of surface area

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12
Q

If volume increases, then what happens?

A

then cells needs increase too

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13
Q

Does surface area increase as much?

A

no

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14
Q

Name a couple of single cell organisms

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Protist (some)

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15
Q

Name a couple of many cell (multicellular) organisms

A

Protists, Plants, Fungi, animals

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16
Q

Eukaryote cells average around how many um?

A

10-100 um

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17
Q

All cells have 4 things, name them

A

membrane
ribosomes (protein synthesis)
cytoplasm (internal mass)
DNA (genetic info)

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18
Q

Which cell had their DNA sperate from the cytoplasm

A

Eukaryotic cells (DNA in a membrane bound nucleus)

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19
Q

Are prokaryotic cells between 10-100um?

A

NO, 1-10um

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20
Q

Name an organelle which helps a prokaryotic cell maintain it’s shape that eukarytic cells don’T have

A

Celle wall and Capsule (very strong and resists bursting)

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21
Q

In which Domain is the cell wall composed of protein and carb?

A

Domain bacteria

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22
Q

How do you call this layer?

A

peptidoglycan (protein + carb)

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23
Q

Is it cellulose?

A

NO

24
Q

It’s used to classify organisms of the Domain Bacteria into 2
main categories, name them

A

Gram-positive cell wall & Gram-negative cell wall

25
Q

Which one has a thick peptidoglycan layer?

A

Gram-positive cell wall

26
Q

Which one has a outer membrane?

A

Gram-negative cell wall

27
Q

Which one has 3 layers of different membranes?

A

Gram-negative cell wall

28
Q

Name all the components of a Gram-positive cell wall

A

Thick peptidoglycan layer + plasma membrane (inner)

29
Q

Name all the components of a Gram-negative cell wall

A

Outer Membrane (OM) +
Thin peptidoglycan layer + plasma membrane

30
Q

Why is this important?

A

Because Gram staining is a valuable tool in medicine; we can check if infection is caused by a Gram + or - bacterium and use the proper antibiotic

31
Q

Which is more difficult to kill and why?

A

Gram-negative b/c of the extra layer (protection against antibodies)

32
Q

Some capsule of Prokaryotes produce a capsule, what are the 3 main functions?

A

1) protects from drying
2) helps to adhere/stick to things
3) protection from white blood cells

33
Q

In Domain Archaea, what type of protein is associated with their DNA?

A

Histones (proteins) (like eukrayotes)

34
Q

What is the “S” layer on cell surface?

A

glycosylated proteins

35
Q

True or False
They have a cell wall

A

TRUE

36
Q

True or False
They have peptidoglycan in their cell walls?

A

FALSE

37
Q

Peptidoglycan is present in which Domain?

A

Domain Bacteria (not in Archaea)

38
Q

What are the 2 major categories of organelles?

A

Membranous organelles (surrounded by a membrane) or non membranous components (no membrane present)

39
Q

Membranous organelles or non membranous components
Plasma membrane

A

Membranous organelles

40
Q

Membranous organelles or non membranous components
cytoplasm

A

Membranous organelles

41
Q

Membranous organelles or non membranous components
nucleus

A

Membranous organelles

42
Q

Membranous organelles or non membranous components
cell wall

A

non membranous components

43
Q

Membranous organelles or non membranous components
Golgi

A

Membranous organelles

44
Q

Membranous organelles or non membranous components
Cilia, flagella

A

non membranous components

45
Q

Membranous organelles or non membranous components
nucleolus

A

non membranous components

46
Q

Membranous organelles or non membranous components
extracellular matrix

A

Membranous organelles or non membranous component

47
Q

Membranous organelles or non membranous components
lysosomes, peroxisome

A

Membranous organelles

48
Q

Membranous organelles or non membranous components
centrosome

A

non membranous components

49
Q

Membranous organelles or non membranous components
cytoskeleton

A

non membranous components

50
Q

Membranous organelles or non membranous components
mitochondria

A

Membranous organelles

51
Q

Membranous organelles or non membranous components
ER

A

Membranous organelles

52
Q

Membranous organelles or non membranous components
vacuoles

A

Membranous organelles or non membranous component

53
Q

Membranous organelles or non membranous components
cell junctions

A

non membranous components

54
Q

Membranous organelles or non membranous components
ribosomes

A

non membranous components

55
Q

Membranous organelles includes:

A

Includes: plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, ER,
Golgi, vesicles, lysosomes, peroxisome,
mitochondria, chloroplasts, vacuoles

56
Q

Non membranous components includes:

A

Includes: nucleolus, ribosomes, cytoskeleton,
centrosome, cilia, flagella, cell junctions, cell wall,
extracellular matrix

Biology🧪🌱💦 (21 decks)

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