Lecture 1 Bio Flashcards
Life = ?
Organisms
What is an organism?
any living thing (an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form)
Scientists need to know how to differentiate and categorize what?
what’s living and what’s non-living
Name all the elements that are part of the organization of life (12):
Molecule
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ systems
Individual
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere
Tell me about the molecule
The chemical components of cells
Why do we say chemical?
because molecules are made up of atoms; strong links/bonds; charged atoms are called ions
Tell me something very known about the cell
it’s the smallest unit of life
If we break down cells into little organs, how do we call them?
organelles
More specifically, what is an organelle?
it’s a membrane bound structure found within a cell (subcellular structure)
What element is next?
Tissue
What is a tissue?
it’s a group of similiar cells that perform the same function
Name the 4 types of tissues in humans
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
What’s after tissue?
Organ
What is an organ?
a strucure with 2 or more tissues orking together to perform a function
What do you call at least 2 organs working together to perform a function?
Organ system
How many does a human have?
11 systems
Name a few organ systems:
cardiovascular system (heart, arteries, veins, capillaries)
nervous system
digestive system
reproductive system
respiratory system
urinary system
…
What does many organ systems form?
an individual
What is an individual?
a single organism
What’s after individual?
a population
What is a population?
all individuals of the same species in an area (specific species in a specific area)
Name the next category: All the species in an ecosystem that can interact
Community
Name the next category:
A community and its physical environment
Ecosystem
What is the last category?
Biosphere
What is a biosphere?
the part of earth that supports life
The Properties of Life
ALL living things have 7 characteristics in common
Name all 7 characteristics:
1) Cells and biomolecules
2) Energy use and metabolism
3) Response to environmental changes
4) Regulation and Homostasis
5) Growth and Development
6) Reproduction
7) Biological Evolution
Tell me more about the first characteristics (Cells and Organization)
organisms consist of one or more cells with highly ordered structures
True or False: The cells are the basic unit of life
TRUE
Name different types of cells
Bacterial cells; Human bone cells; Plant cells; Single celled Protist
Name 4 important things that ALL cells MUST have
- surrounded by a membrane
- contain genetic information (DNA)
internal mass (cytoplasm) - have ribosomes (protein synthesis)
What does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid
it’s the carrier of genetic information
What is the cell theory?
It’s a fundamental principle in biology
Name the 3 components of the cell theory:
1) a celle is the smallest unit of life
2) cells make up all living things
3) news cells arise from pre-existing cells
the second component (cells make up all living things); there’s 2 categories
- can be single cell organism (bacteria, archaea, Protists (some))
OR - multicellular organism (Protists (some), plants, fungi, animals)
The second characteristic:
Energy use and Metabolism
What does a cell require to be maintained?
the maintenance of cells requires ENERGY
Living organisms require what?
Fuel
Where does fuel come from?
from the food we eat
How do plants get there energy?
through photosynthesis
What is obtained by food or light?
Chemical energy
Therefore, we say that food and light _____ all chemical reactions in our bodies (our metabolism)
power
What is the next characteristic?
Response to Environmental changes
What can you tell me about the responses to environmental changes?
Organisms respond to physical or chemical changes to the external and/or internal environment
Nem a couple of things organisms respond to:
odor (smell)
temperature
light
heat
sound
pressure
…
What is an example of a response to environmental changes?
a plant will grow and point towards the light source
Internal responses maintain what?
homeostasis
What does homeostasis mean?
the tendency towards a relatively stable equilibrium
Another definition of Homeostatis:
the ability or tendency of an organism to maintain internal equilibrium by ajudsting its physiological processes
EXAMPLES of regulation/homeostasis
Temperature regulation (our metabolism must be regulated to maintain a constant internal environment of 37 degres Celcius)
Next characteristic:
Growth and Development
Growth is related to the increase of what?
increase of size and number of cells
What does determinate growth mean?
growth stops, genetically pre-determined
What does indeterminate growth mean?
growth that is never terminated
Developement is related to which word?
changes
Next is Reproduction, name something VERY important
that organisms come from previously existing organisms
What is asexual reproduction?
it occurs when an organism makes more of itself WITHOUT exchanging with another organism through sex
(organism makes more of itself WITHOUT exchanging genetic information)
In her slides, asexual means
organisms reproduce offspring that are exact copies of themselves
what is sexual reproduction?
unlike a clone, offspring produced by sexual reproduction vary genetically (from siblings and their parents)
so basically the production of new organisms by the combinaison of genetic info
What is the last category?
Biological Evolution
What’s important about reproduction?
living things have adaptative traits that allow them to survive and reproduce in their environments, and ultimately evolve
Name all 7 properties of life:
1) Cells and organization (biomolecules)
2) Energy use and metabolism
3) Response to environmental changes
4) Regulation and homeostatis
5) Growth and development
6) Reproduction
7) Biological Evolution
END of lecture 1
