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Biology🧪🌱💦 > Lecture 1 Bio > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Bio Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Life = ?

A

Organisms

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2
Q

What is an organism?

A

any living thing (an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form)

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3
Q

Scientists need to know how to differentiate and categorize what?

A

what’s living and what’s non-living

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4
Q

Name all the elements that are part of the organization of life (12):

A

Molecule
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ systems
Individual
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere

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5
Q

Tell me about the molecule

A

The chemical components of cells

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6
Q

Why do we say chemical?

A

because molecules are made up of atoms; strong links/bonds; charged atoms are called ions

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7
Q

Tell me something very known about the cell

A

it’s the smallest unit of life

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8
Q

If we break down cells into little organs, how do we call them?

A

organelles

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9
Q

More specifically, what is an organelle?

A

it’s a membrane bound structure found within a cell (subcellular structure)

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10
Q

What element is next?

A

Tissue

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11
Q

What is a tissue?

A

it’s a group of similiar cells that perform the same function

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12
Q

Name the 4 types of tissues in humans

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

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13
Q

What’s after tissue?

A

Organ

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14
Q

What is an organ?

A

a strucure with 2 or more tissues orking together to perform a function

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15
Q

What do you call at least 2 organs working together to perform a function?

A

Organ system

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16
Q

How many does a human have?

A

11 systems

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17
Q

Name a few organ systems:

A

cardiovascular system (heart, arteries, veins, capillaries)
nervous system
digestive system
reproductive system
respiratory system
urinary system
…

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18
Q

What does many organ systems form?

A

an individual

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19
Q

What is an individual?

A

a single organism

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20
Q

What’s after individual?

A

a population

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21
Q

What is a population?

A

all individuals of the same species in an area (specific species in a specific area)

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22
Q

Name the next category: All the species in an ecosystem that can interact

A

Community

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23
Q

Name the next category:
A community and its physical environment

A

Ecosystem

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24
Q

What is the last category?

A

Biosphere

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25
Q

What is a biosphere?

A

the part of earth that supports life

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26
Q

The Properties of Life

A

ALL living things have 7 characteristics in common

27
Q

Name all 7 characteristics:

A

1) Cells and biomolecules
2) Energy use and metabolism
3) Response to environmental changes
4) Regulation and Homostasis
5) Growth and Development
6) Reproduction
7) Biological Evolution

28
Q

Tell me more about the first characteristics (Cells and Organization)

A

organisms consist of one or more cells with highly ordered structures

29
Q

True or False: The cells are the basic unit of life

A

TRUE

30
Q

Name different types of cells

A

Bacterial cells; Human bone cells; Plant cells; Single celled Protist

31
Q

Name 4 important things that ALL cells MUST have

A
  • surrounded by a membrane
  • contain genetic information (DNA)
    internal mass (cytoplasm)
  • have ribosomes (protein synthesis)
32
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

deoxyribonucleic acid
it’s the carrier of genetic information

33
Q

What is the cell theory?

A

It’s a fundamental principle in biology

34
Q

Name the 3 components of the cell theory:

A

1) a celle is the smallest unit of life
2) cells make up all living things
3) news cells arise from pre-existing cells

35
Q

the second component (cells make up all living things); there’s 2 categories

A
  • can be single cell organism (bacteria, archaea, Protists (some))
    OR
  • multicellular organism (Protists (some), plants, fungi, animals)
36
Q

The second characteristic:

A

Energy use and Metabolism

37
Q

What does a cell require to be maintained?

A

the maintenance of cells requires ENERGY

38
Q

Living organisms require what?

A

Fuel

39
Q

Where does fuel come from?

A

from the food we eat

40
Q

How do plants get there energy?

A

through photosynthesis

41
Q

What is obtained by food or light?

A

Chemical energy

42
Q

Therefore, we say that food and light _____ all chemical reactions in our bodies (our metabolism)

A

power

43
Q

What is the next characteristic?

A

Response to Environmental changes

44
Q

What can you tell me about the responses to environmental changes?

A

Organisms respond to physical or chemical changes to the external and/or internal environment

45
Q

Nem a couple of things organisms respond to:

A

odor (smell)
temperature
light
heat
sound
pressure
…

46
Q

What is an example of a response to environmental changes?

A

a plant will grow and point towards the light source

47
Q

Internal responses maintain what?

A

homeostasis

48
Q

What does homeostasis mean?

A

the tendency towards a relatively stable equilibrium

49
Q

Another definition of Homeostatis:

A

the ability or tendency of an organism to maintain internal equilibrium by ajudsting its physiological processes

50
Q

EXAMPLES of regulation/homeostasis

A

Temperature regulation (our metabolism must be regulated to maintain a constant internal environment of 37 degres Celcius)

51
Q

Next characteristic:

A

Growth and Development

52
Q

Growth is related to the increase of what?

A

increase of size and number of cells

53
Q

What does determinate growth mean?

A

growth stops, genetically pre-determined

54
Q

What does indeterminate growth mean?

A

growth that is never terminated

55
Q

Developement is related to which word?

A

changes

56
Q

Next is Reproduction, name something VERY important

A

that organisms come from previously existing organisms

57
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

it occurs when an organism makes more of itself WITHOUT exchanging with another organism through sex
(organism makes more of itself WITHOUT exchanging genetic information)

58
Q

In her slides, asexual means

A

organisms reproduce offspring that are exact copies of themselves

59
Q

what is sexual reproduction?

A

unlike a clone, offspring produced by sexual reproduction vary genetically (from siblings and their parents)
so basically the production of new organisms by the combinaison of genetic info

60
Q

What is the last category?

A

Biological Evolution

61
Q

What’s important about reproduction?

A

living things have adaptative traits that allow them to survive and reproduce in their environments, and ultimately evolve

62
Q

Name all 7 properties of life:

A

1) Cells and organization (biomolecules)
2) Energy use and metabolism
3) Response to environmental changes
4) Regulation and homeostatis
5) Growth and development
6) Reproduction
7) Biological Evolution

63
Q

END of lecture 1

A

Biology🧪🌱💦 (21 decks)

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