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Biology🧪🌱💦 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the purpose of nucleic acids?

A

they story and transmit hereditary information in genes

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2
Q

these genes, we call them units of what?

A

units of inheritance

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3
Q

Why are nucleic acids important for proteins?

A

b/c they ensure the sequence of a.a. for polypeptides chains

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4
Q

name the 2 types of nucleic acids

A

DNA and RNA

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5
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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6
Q

What does RNA stand for?

A

Ribonucleic acid

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7
Q

What does DNA do?

A

it stores info for protein synthesis

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8
Q

what does RNA do?

A

it directs protein synthesis

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9
Q

Which one act as blueprints to make various proteins in our cells?

A

DNA

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10
Q

which one acts like messengers to relay info?

A

RNA (specifically, mRNA)

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11
Q

Do both DNA and RNA have Phosphate?

A

YES

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12
Q

Do both DNA and RNA have Sugar?

A

yes but different
DNA: Deoxyribose
RNA: Ribose

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13
Q

What are the bases of DNA?

A

Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine

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14
Q

What are the bases of RNA?

A

Adenine
Uracil
Cytosine
Guanine

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15
Q

Which one is double and one stranded

A

DNA: double-stranded
RNA: single-stranded

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16
Q

Name all 3 types of RNA involved in protein synthesis

A

mRNA
tRNA
rRNA

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17
Q

Why is DNA essential? (2)

A

it’s need for cell replication + it contains genes

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18
Q

How long is DNA?

A

over 2m long

19
Q

Is the sequence of nucleotides are different, it means that….

A

the proteins are different (different functions)

20
Q

Each what carries information?

A

each gene (lowkey like a blueprint)

21
Q

Genes carry information that determines what of the protein?

A

the primary sequence of the protein

22
Q

What are the 2 major steps in protein synthesis?

A

Transcription and translation

23
Q

Transcription goes from DNA to what?
then translation, what to waht

A

DNA to RNA
RNA to protein

24
Q

What is transcription?

A

transfer of genetic information from DNA to mRNA (messenger RNA)

25
Q

What is a mRNA?

A

it’s a single-starnded molecule that is synthesized in the nucleus

26
Q

mRNA are organized in group of what?

A

3 nucleotides

27
Q

what are these 3 nucleotides called?

A

codon

28
Q

So what is basically happening to the DNA template strand?

A

the strand is being copied (into mRNA)

29
Q

When is this process over (transcription over)?

A

once the mRNA molecule is complete

30
Q

Then the second part of protein synthesis starts, what is the name step?

A

translation

31
Q

What is translation?

A

the assembly of the protein primary structure

32
Q

How many amino acid to create a primary structure of the protein?

A

7 amino acids

33
Q

What is the start codon called?

A

Methionine

34
Q

do we count the last codon?

A

NO, it’s called a stop codon (it’s indicating in the table with all the different amino acids possible)

35
Q

Which type of RNA is important in this process?

A

tRNA (transfer RNA)

36
Q

What does a tRNA have?

A

anticodons (to complement the mRNA codons)

37
Q

AAG would paire with which codon?

A

UUC

38
Q

Why are ribosomes important in protein synthesis?

A

because it happens in the ribosome, it links mRNA and tRNA to make a protein

39
Q

The ribosome is separated in how many sections?

A

3 = E-P-A

40
Q

Where does the first (start codon) attaches to?

A

the P site

41
Q

Why is it like a zipper?

A

b/c p goes to e
and a goes to p
E <– P <– A <–

42
Q

Make a general/ easy summary of translation

A
  • tRNA with anticodon matches mRNA codon
  • a.a. from tRNA linked to growing a.a. chain
  • tRNA is released and ribosome moves along mRNA chain
43
Q

What releases the polypeptide?

A

once a protein called release factor binds to A site, it causes a water molecule to hydrolyze the chain form tRNA in P site
so elongation occurs until stop codon arrives at site A (UAG, UAA or UGA)

Biology🧪🌱💦 (21 decks)

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