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ANATOMY 254 > lecture 5: The nervous system organization > Flashcards

lecture 5: The nervous system organization Flashcards

1
Q

what is the neuron

A

the functional units of the nerveous system

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2
Q

what is a sensory neuron

A

the nerve cells that are activated by sensory input from the environment -

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3
Q

what is a motor neuron

A

a cell that sends signals from the CNS to the periphery

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4
Q

what are the 3 parts of a neuron

A

soma (body)
dentrites (input)
axon (outpuit)

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5
Q

what is an action potential

A

passave of impulse that carries (info)

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6
Q

what type of cells act as the “glue”

A

neural and/or glial cells

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7
Q

what is another name for somatic

A

voluntary/conciouslly doing something

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8
Q

what does visceral mean

A

involuntary

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9
Q

what are the 3 main fucntions of the NS

A

Sensory Function

  1. Integrative Function
  2. Motor Function
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10
Q

what are the 3 sensory functions

A

Detect internal stimuli
• Detect external stimuli
• Carry information to the brain via sensory (afferent) neurons

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11
Q

sensory function arries into to where and how

A

to the brain via sensory (afferent neurons)

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12
Q

where does sensory information enter the spinal cord

A

dorsal root ganglia

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13
Q

intergrative function processess.

A

sensory info

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14
Q

what does integrative function do

A

process sensory info

analyze and make descions regarding appropirraite responses

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15
Q

what are the neurons called that serve an inttegrative function

A

intterneurons

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16
Q

what is the motor function of the NS

A

responding to integration decisions

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17
Q

what are the neurons that serve the motor c=function called

A

motor (efferent) nerurons)

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18
Q

where do the motor function neurons carry info

A

out of the brain and spinal to perpherey

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19
Q

what are the 2 components of the CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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20
Q

what is the function of the spinal cord

A

connects the brain to the rest of the body

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21
Q

what is the periphere nervous system made up of t

A

1) somatic division

2) autonomic division

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22
Q

explain the autonomic division of the PNS

A

regulates internal environment. carries out infomation from the CNS to the organs, blood vessels and glands

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23
Q

explain the somatic diviison of the PNS

A

carries into to the CNS from the senstes and from the CNS tot he skeletal smuyscles

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24
Q

in the autonomic division, which branch arouses the body

A

sympathetic

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25
Q

in the autonomic divison, which branch calms after arousal

A

parasympathic

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26
Q

what is the control senter for the entire nervous system

A

the central nervous system

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27
Q

what are the 3 fuctnions of the CNS

A

Processing and integrating of sensory information
• Planning and coordinating responses to stimuli
• Providing short term control over activities of other systems

28
Q

true or false: the CNS provides long term control over activities of systems

A

false, it provides short term

29
Q

if the CNS provides short term control, what provides long term?

A

endocrine

30
Q

what is the neural tissue outsife the CNS called

A

the perpheral nervous system

31
Q

what system links the CNS with sense organs and other systems

A

the PNS

32
Q

the nerves of the PNS have 2 deivision, what are they alled

A

afferent and efferent

33
Q

what are the 2 nerves of the PNS

A

cranial (emerging from brain)

spinal (emerging from spina)

34
Q

how manycranial nerves do we have

A

12

35
Q

efferent=

A

motor

36
Q

afferent =

A

sensory

37
Q

the The efferent (motor) portion of the PNS is subdivided into 2
systems… wjhich are

A

1) The Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

2) The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

38
Q

what does the Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

control

A

skeletal muscle contraction (voluntary and involvenaryO

39
Q

wht is an example of an involumtary sksletal muscle contraction

A

diaphram

40
Q

the sensory nevrous of the somatic nervous systems convery info from where

A

convey information from cutaneous and
special sense receptors primarily in the head, body wall and
extremities

41
Q

Motor neurons from the SNS conduct impulses where only

A

skeletal muscles

42
Q

in the somatic nerveous ststem, how many motor nervous are there

A

only 1

43
Q

what is the effector of the somatic nervous system

A

skeletal muscle

44
Q

what does the autonomic nervous system control

A

visceral functions

45
Q

the ANS or the SNS regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity

A

ANS

46
Q

is the ANS outside or inside of our consiouc control

A

outside (involuntary)

47
Q

how many motor neurons are part of the autonomic nervous ststem

A

alsays 2 in sequence

48
Q

in the ANS, sensory neruons convery what

A

homeostatic information from receptors

primarily in the viscera to the CNS

49
Q

in the ANS motor nervous conduct impulses where

A

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle

and gland

50
Q

what are the.2 pathways of the motor oortion of the ANS

A

sympatetic and para.

51
Q

what are the 2 main types ofcells in the nervous system

A

1) neurons

2) neuroglia

52
Q

what is the general function of the neurons

A

nerve impulse conduction

53
Q

what is the general function of the neuroglial cells

A

support and protect the NS

54
Q

what are the 3 types of neurons

A

multipolar
bipolar
unipolar

55
Q

what does multipolar neuron mean

A

there are multiple dendritbes on the body

=most common

56
Q

what is a bipolar neuron

A

very abundant in the eye (signal in retina)

there are 2 main exttensions from cell body

57
Q

what is a unipolar neuron

A

only one single process from cell body

58
Q

what are the 4 types of neuroglia (glial cells) in the CNS

A

Astrocytes
• Oligodendrocytes
• Microglia
• Ependymal cells

59
Q

what are the 2 types of neuroglia (glial cells) in the PNS

A

satelite cells

schwann cells

60
Q

explain astrocytes

A

they wrap around the capilaries and form a blood brain barier

provides barrier to protect nervous tissue from foreign substances or waste

61
Q

explain oligodendrocytes

A

they are the equivalent of schwann cells except they myelinate many axons for faster transmission

=provide myelin sheath/insulation for axon

62
Q

explain microglial cells

A

they are phagocytes that remove waste/debris/worn out nerve tissue

found in spinal cord and brain

63
Q

explain ependymal cells

A

they provide brain/blood/cns barriers
in between blood stream and what enters ventricle to produce CSF
LINE CAVITIES THAT PRODUCE CSF

64
Q

explain schwann cells

A

produce the myelin sheath
(but can also be found around unmyelinated)
=provides insulation around the axon

65
Q

explain satellite cells

A

around the cell body and they provide strcutural support and protect cell body

ANATOMY 254 (17 decks)

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