lecture 5: The nervous system organization Flashcards
what is the neuron
the functional units of the nerveous system
what is a sensory neuron
the nerve cells that are activated by sensory input from the environment -
what is a motor neuron
a cell that sends signals from the CNS to the periphery
what are the 3 parts of a neuron
soma (body)
dentrites (input)
axon (outpuit)
what is an action potential
passave of impulse that carries (info)
what type of cells act as the “glue”
neural and/or glial cells
what is another name for somatic
voluntary/conciouslly doing something
what does visceral mean
involuntary
what are the 3 main fucntions of the NS
Sensory Function
- Integrative Function
- Motor Function
what are the 3 sensory functions
Detect internal stimuli
• Detect external stimuli
• Carry information to the brain via sensory (afferent) neurons
sensory function arries into to where and how
to the brain via sensory (afferent neurons)
where does sensory information enter the spinal cord
dorsal root ganglia
intergrative function processess.
sensory info
what does integrative function do
process sensory info
analyze and make descions regarding appropirraite responses
what are the neurons called that serve an inttegrative function
intterneurons
what is the motor function of the NS
responding to integration decisions
what are the neurons that serve the motor c=function called
motor (efferent) nerurons)
where do the motor function neurons carry info
out of the brain and spinal to perpherey
what are the 2 components of the CNS
brain and spinal cord
what is the function of the spinal cord
connects the brain to the rest of the body
what is the periphere nervous system made up of t
1) somatic division
2) autonomic division
explain the autonomic division of the PNS
regulates internal environment. carries out infomation from the CNS to the organs, blood vessels and glands
explain the somatic diviison of the PNS
carries into to the CNS from the senstes and from the CNS tot he skeletal smuyscles
in the autonomic division, which branch arouses the body
sympathetic
in the autonomic divison, which branch calms after arousal
parasympathic
what is the control senter for the entire nervous system
the central nervous system
what are the 3 fuctnions of the CNS
Processing and integrating of sensory information
• Planning and coordinating responses to stimuli
• Providing short term control over activities of other systems
true or false: the CNS provides long term control over activities of systems
false, it provides short term
if the CNS provides short term control, what provides long term?
endocrine
what is the neural tissue outsife the CNS called
the perpheral nervous system
what system links the CNS with sense organs and other systems
the PNS
the nerves of the PNS have 2 deivision, what are they alled
afferent and efferent
what are the 2 nerves of the PNS
cranial (emerging from brain)
spinal (emerging from spina)
how manycranial nerves do we have
12
efferent=
motor
afferent =
sensory
the The efferent (motor) portion of the PNS is subdivided into 2
systems… wjhich are
1) The Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
2) The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
what does the Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
control
skeletal muscle contraction (voluntary and involvenaryO
wht is an example of an involumtary sksletal muscle contraction
diaphram
the sensory nevrous of the somatic nervous systems convery info from where
convey information from cutaneous and
special sense receptors primarily in the head, body wall and
extremities
Motor neurons from the SNS conduct impulses where only
skeletal muscles
in the somatic nerveous ststem, how many motor nervous are there
only 1
what is the effector of the somatic nervous system
skeletal muscle
what does the autonomic nervous system control
visceral functions
the ANS or the SNS regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity
ANS
is the ANS outside or inside of our consiouc control
outside (involuntary)
how many motor neurons are part of the autonomic nervous ststem
alsays 2 in sequence
in the ANS, sensory neruons convery what
homeostatic information from receptors
primarily in the viscera to the CNS
in the ANS motor nervous conduct impulses where
smooth muscle, cardiac muscle
and gland
what are the.2 pathways of the motor oortion of the ANS
sympatetic and para.
what are the 2 main types ofcells in the nervous system
1) neurons
2) neuroglia
what is the general function of the neurons
nerve impulse conduction
what is the general function of the neuroglial cells
support and protect the NS
what are the 3 types of neurons
multipolar
bipolar
unipolar
what does multipolar neuron mean
there are multiple dendritbes on the body
=most common
what is a bipolar neuron
very abundant in the eye (signal in retina)
there are 2 main exttensions from cell body
what is a unipolar neuron
only one single process from cell body
what are the 4 types of neuroglia (glial cells) in the CNS
Astrocytes
• Oligodendrocytes
• Microglia
• Ependymal cells
what are the 2 types of neuroglia (glial cells) in the PNS
satelite cells
schwann cells
explain astrocytes
they wrap around the capilaries and form a blood brain barier
provides barrier to protect nervous tissue from foreign substances or waste
explain oligodendrocytes
they are the equivalent of schwann cells except they myelinate many axons for faster transmission
=provide myelin sheath/insulation for axon
explain microglial cells
they are phagocytes that remove waste/debris/worn out nerve tissue
found in spinal cord and brain
explain ependymal cells
they provide brain/blood/cns barriers
in between blood stream and what enters ventricle to produce CSF
LINE CAVITIES THAT PRODUCE CSF
explain schwann cells
produce the myelin sheath
(but can also be found around unmyelinated)
=provides insulation around the axon
explain satellite cells
around the cell body and they provide strcutural support and protect cell body
