lecture 5: The nervous system organization

Question 1

what is the neuron

Answer 1

the functional units of the nerveous system

Question 2

what is a sensory neuron

Answer 2

the nerve cells that are activated by sensory input from the environment -

Question 3

what is a motor neuron

Answer 3

a cell that sends signals from the CNS to the periphery

Question 4

what are the 3 parts of a neuron

Answer 4

soma (body)
dentrites (input)
axon (outpuit)

Question 5

what is an action potential

Answer 5

passave of impulse that carries (info)

Question 6

what type of cells act as the “glue”

Answer 6

neural and/or glial cells

Question 7

what is another name for somatic

Answer 7

voluntary/conciouslly doing something

Question 8

what does visceral mean

Answer 8

involuntary

Question 9

what are the 3 main fucntions of the NS

Answer 9

Sensory Function

2. Integrative Function
3. Motor Function

Question 10

what are the 3 sensory functions

Answer 10

Detect internal stimuli
• Detect external stimuli
• Carry information to the brain via sensory (afferent) neurons

Question 11

sensory function arries into to where and how

Answer 11

to the brain via sensory (afferent neurons)

Question 12

where does sensory information enter the spinal cord

Answer 12

dorsal root ganglia

Question 13

intergrative function processess.

Answer 13

sensory info

Question 14

what does integrative function do

Answer 14

process sensory info

analyze and make descions regarding appropirraite responses

Question 15

what are the neurons called that serve an inttegrative function

Answer 15

intterneurons

Question 16

what is the motor function of the NS

Answer 16

responding to integration decisions

Question 17

what are the neurons that serve the motor c=function called

Answer 17

motor (efferent) nerurons)

Question 18

where do the motor function neurons carry info

Answer 18

out of the brain and spinal to perpherey

Question 19

what are the 2 components of the CNS

Answer 19

brain and spinal cord

Question 20

what is the function of the spinal cord

Answer 20

connects the brain to the rest of the body

Question 21

what is the periphere nervous system made up of t

Answer 21

1) somatic division

2) autonomic division

Question 22

explain the autonomic division of the PNS

Answer 22

regulates internal environment. carries out infomation from the CNS to the organs, blood vessels and glands

Question 23

explain the somatic diviison of the PNS

Answer 23

carries into to the CNS from the senstes and from the CNS tot he skeletal smuyscles

Question 24

in the autonomic division, which branch arouses the body

Answer 24

sympathetic

Question 25

in the autonomic divison, which branch calms after arousal

Answer 25

parasympathic

Question 26

what is the control senter for the entire nervous system

Answer 26

the central nervous system

Question 27

what are the 3 fuctnions of the CNS

Answer 27

Processing and integrating of sensory information • Planning and coordinating responses to stimuli • Providing short term control over activities of other systems

Question 28

true or false: the CNS provides long term control over activities of systems

Answer 28

false, it provides short term

Question 29

if the CNS provides short term control, what provides long term?

Answer 29

endocrine

Question 30

what is the neural tissue outsife the CNS called

Answer 30

the perpheral nervous system

Question 31

what system links the CNS with sense organs and other systems

Answer 31

the PNS

Question 32

the nerves of the PNS have 2 deivision, what are they alled

Answer 32

afferent and efferent

Question 33

what are the 2 nerves of the PNS

Answer 33

cranial (emerging from brain) | spinal (emerging from spina)

Question 34

how manycranial nerves do we have

Answer 34

12

Question 35

efferent=

Answer 35

motor

Question 36

afferent =

Answer 36

sensory

Question 37

the The efferent (motor) portion of the PNS is subdivided into 2 systems... wjhich are

Answer 37

1) The Somatic Nervous System (SNS) | 2) The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Question 38

what does the Somatic Nervous System (SNS) | control

Answer 38

skeletal muscle contraction (voluntary and involvenaryO

Question 39

wht is an example of an involumtary sksletal muscle contraction

Answer 39

diaphram

Question 40

the sensory nevrous of the somatic nervous systems convery info from where

Answer 40

convey information from cutaneous and special sense receptors primarily in the head, body wall and extremities

Question 41

Motor neurons from the SNS conduct impulses where only

Answer 41

skeletal muscles

Question 42

in the somatic nerveous ststem, how many motor nervous are there

Answer 42

only 1

Question 43

what is the effector of the somatic nervous system

Answer 43

skeletal muscle

Question 44

what does the autonomic nervous system control

Answer 44

visceral functions

Question 45

the ANS or the SNS regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity

Answer 45

ANS

Question 46

is the ANS outside or inside of our consiouc control

Answer 46

outside (involuntary)

Question 47

how many motor neurons are part of the autonomic nervous ststem

Answer 47

alsays 2 in sequence

Question 48

in the ANS, sensory neruons convery what

Answer 48

homeostatic information from receptors | primarily in the viscera to the CNS

Question 49

in the ANS motor nervous conduct impulses where

Answer 49

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle | and gland

Question 50

what are the.2 pathways of the motor oortion of the ANS

Answer 50

sympatetic and para.

Question 51

what are the 2 main types ofcells in the nervous system

Answer 51

1) neurons | 2) neuroglia

Question 52

what is the general function of the neurons

Answer 52

nerve impulse conduction

Question 53

what is the general function of the neuroglial cells

Answer 53

support and protect the NS

Question 54

what are the 3 types of neurons

Answer 54

multipolar bipolar unipolar

Question 55

what does multipolar neuron mean

Answer 55

there are multiple dendritbes on the body | =most common

Question 56

what is a bipolar neuron

Answer 56

very abundant in the eye (signal in retina) | there are 2 main exttensions from cell body

Question 57

what is a unipolar neuron

Answer 57

only one single process from cell body

Question 58

what are the 4 types of neuroglia (glial cells) in the CNS

Answer 58

Astrocytes • Oligodendrocytes • Microglia • Ependymal cells

Question 59

what are the 2 types of neuroglia (glial cells) in the PNS

Answer 59

satelite cells | schwann cells

Question 60

explain astrocytes

Answer 60

they wrap around the capilaries and form a blood brain barier provides barrier to protect nervous tissue from foreign substances or waste

Question 61

explain oligodendrocytes

Answer 61

they are the equivalent of schwann cells except they myelinate many axons for faster transmission =provide myelin sheath/insulation for axon

Question 62

explain microglial cells

Answer 62

they are phagocytes that remove waste/debris/worn out nerve tissue found in spinal cord and brain

Question 63

explain ependymal cells

Answer 63

they provide brain/blood/cns barriers in between blood stream and what enters ventricle to produce CSF LINE CAVITIES THAT PRODUCE CSF

Question 64

explain schwann cells

Answer 64

produce the myelin sheath (but can also be found around unmyelinated) =provides insulation around the axon

Question 65

explain satellite cells

Answer 65

around the cell body and they provide strcutural support and protect cell body