lecture 14: systemic circulation Flashcards
arteries carry blood from where to where
from the heart to other organs
arteries are condiered what type of arteries
conducting arteries
arteries divide into medium sized arteries called what
distributing arteies
the high elastin component of arteries do what
dampen the BP from heart cotnractions
what dampens the BP from heart contraction
high elastin component of arteries
arteriorles are smaller what
smaller arteries
what are divisions of medium sixed arteries
arterioles
arterioles divide into what
capillaries
capillaries are where what happens
where substances are exhcnages between blood and body tissues
groups of capillaries combind to form what
small veins called venules
what are capillaries large enough for
1 erythocyte at a time
merging of venules forms what
larger blood vessels
where do veins carry blood
carry blood from tissues back to the heart
what does vasa vasorum mean
“vascularture of vessels”
where is vasa vasorum located
in the walls of larger blood vessels
what does vasa vasorum supply
supples oxygen and nutrients totthose lrger blood vessels
what are the 3 layers of the artery wall
tunica interna
tunica media
tunica externa
which layer of the artery is closest to lumen
tunica interna
what is the tunica interna
smooth surface, prvents friction
which is the thickest layer and highly elatic of the artery
tunica media
what does the tunica media do
smooth muscle
vasoconstriction/vasodilation
what is the tunica externa made from
elastic and collagen fibers
what is the function of tunica externa
protetcs vessels
anchors it to surrounding strucctures
why are the walls thicker in arteries isntad of veinns
need to withstand more pressure
which are the resitance vessels
arterioles
what is the function of arterioles
play a key role in regulating blood flow into capillaries
change in diamter affects blood pressire
which are the exchanging vessels
capillaries
what connects arterioles and venules
capillaries
where is the no capilarries found
none are found in the lining epithelia, cornea, lens
and cartilage
what is the mainn function of capillaries
Allow exchange of nutrients and wastes between
the blood and tissue cells
true or false: the capilaries have no tunica externa only
false, no externa or media
if there is a low metabilic need, what happens to blood flow in the capillary
blood flows trhoguh a small portion of the capillary network
if there is an icnrease metabolic activtiy, what happens to blood flow in caps
entire network fills with blood
`1 metaarteriole sipples how many capillaries
10-100 capillaries (cap bed)
what supplies the capillary bed
metarteriole
what is the function of precapillary sphincters
limits filling of capillary bed
the union of sevreral capilaries is called…
venules
what is the function of venules
collects blood form several caps and drain into veins
venules are missingn what layer of vessels
no tunica externa
true or false: veins contract tunica interna, media and externa ?
true but thinner and more easier to damage
true or false: veins can wistand very high pressures
false cannot withstand high pressures
pumping of venous blood back to the heart is done through what 3 mechanisms
Pumping of the heart
• Contraction of skeletal muscles in lower limbs
• Valves found in the veins
what does each valve has and what does that allow
2 or more folds of tunica interna forming cusps projecting towards the heart
leaky venous valves cause what
varicose veins
at rest, where is most blood stored
veins
systemic circualtion includes what 4 things
- cerebral circulation
- portal system
- all arteries branching from the aorta (Including coronary circulation)
- all veins draining into the IVC, SVC, coronary sinus
what drains the heart
coronary sinus
IVC drains what
legs, torso and below heart
SVC drains what
head, neck UP and above hear
what re the arteries of the haed and neck
brachiocephalic
subclavian
common carotid
brachiocephalic is only found on the right or left side
right side
what are the 3 branches off the arch of aorta
1) brachiocephalic
2) common carotid
3) subclavian
what branches of the subclavian
vertebral artery internal mammary (ant intercostals)
how mant anterior intercostals do we have
9
what 5 brances off the external carotid
sup thyroid lingual facial occipital posterior auricular
put these in order from iinferior to superior
lingual, facial,, sup. thyroid, occipital, posterior auricular
sup thyroid lingual faicl occipital posterior auricular
what does external carotid split into
maxillar
superficial temporal
what does maxillary supply
deep skull, orbit, teeth, muscles of mastication, dura mater
what does maxillary artery further subdivide into
middle meningeal
infraorbital
infraorbital passes through where
infraorbital foramen
meddle meningeal is immedialtely deep to what
temporal bone
what foramen does middle miningeal pass thru
spinosum
what does superficual temporal branch (4)
frontnal
parietal
transverse facial
zygomaticoorbiral
thoracic aorta branches out into what
posterior intercostal
how many posterior intercostal a are there
total of 9 pairs
when does thoracic aorta become abdominnal aorta
at the diaphragm
what are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk
Left Gastric
• Splenic
• Common Hepatic
what does superior mesenteric artery supply
supplies most of the intestines, head of the pancreas (R.)
what are the branches off the abdominnal aorta
inferior phrenic celiac trunk superior mesenteric suprarenal/adrenal renal testicular/ovarian inferior mesenteric
celiac trunk supplies
GI tract, spleen
inf phrnic supples what
diaphram
suprarenaal supples
adrenal glands
renaal supples//
kidneys
superior mesentary supplies
GI tract (and small and large int and pancreas)
testicular/overian supply the
gonads
interior mesenteric supples what
GI tract
what does abdominal aorta divide innto (2)
common illiac
what does common illac divive into
internal and external illiac
what does external illiac supply
lower extremeties
what does internal illiac supple
supplies pelvis and perineum
gastroduondela supples
stomach, duodenum, pancrease, greater omentum
gastric a supply…
stomach and esophagus
common hepatic supply what
liver, gallbladder and stomach
what does gastroepiploic supply
stomach and great omentum
what artery branches off trhe splenic
left gastroepliploic
what artries branch off common hepatic
R gastric
gastroduodenal
right and left hepatic
cystic
what does gastroduodenal branch into
superior pancreaticoduodenal
right gastroepiploic
be able to identity all the branches and diagrams
.
what does superior mesenteric split into
interior pancreaticoduodenal middle colic right colic ileocolic intestinal
what does ileocolic branch into
illeal and colic branches
what does intestinal branch into
jejunal a and ileal a
what does inferior mesenteric divide into
left colic (sup and inf)
sigmoid a
superior rectal
what vein drains head, neck and upper limb
SVC
how does SVC drain intercostal and lumbar regions
by a collection of veins called azygos system
true or false: there are no major veins draining the GI tract, gall bladder and pancrease
t4rue
GI. tract, gall bladder and pancrease use what to carry blood to the lier
portal system
liver is drained by what veins
hepatic veins
hepatic veins drain into…
IVC
testicular/avrian veins are located on what side of the body only
right side only
azygos system is inside where
thoracic cage
azygos system drains what
drains thorax region
drains deep lumbar reion
connects to IVC
what provdes a detour from the IVC to SVC
azygos system
what are the 2 branches off the azygos vein
1) hemiazygos
2) accessory hemiazygos
what does portal system do (2)
1) Detours blood from the GI organs and spleen through the liver
before going into the IVC
2) Carries blood from one capillary network to another without
going through the heart
true or false: portal system is • Rich in substances after a meal
true
pulmonary circulation carries blood from where to where
from right ventricle to air sacs within the lungs (alveoli)
where is the blood the most deoxygenated
loeaving the right ventricle (pulm trunk)
pulmonary arteries carry what type of blood
deoxygnated
pulmonary veins carry what type of blood
oxygenated
where are the only two places in the body where the artries carry doexy and veins carry ocy
pulm arteries and veins
pulmonary trunk splints into what
R/L pulm arterires (only arteries to carry deoxy blood)
CO2 passes into where
alveoli
inhaled O2 moves from air to ..
blood
pulm veins transport oxygenated blood to where
L atrium
arteries of pulm ciruclation are less or more elastic
less (have thinner walls)
peak systolic presure in the R ventricle is higher or lower thatn the pressure in L
lower
what organs do not function until after birth
lung
kidneys
GI tract
how does the fetus obtains o2 and nutrients
by diffusion from maternal blood and elimates co2 the same way
what organ allows the fetus to receive o2 and nutrients
placenta
what is the function of foramen ovale
blood can pass through diff sides of hert
what is the function of ductus arterisus
connect pulm atery to aorta
foramen ovale becomes …
fossa ovalis
ductus arterisus beocmes.//
ligamentum arteriosum
after birth the umbilical cord becomes what
Umbilical cord becomes a fibrous cord called the medial
umbilical ligament
after birth, umbilical vein becomes what
ligmenteum teres
after birth, ductus venosum becomes what
lig. venosum
Which of the following is NOT a site of hemopoiesis in the adult body? A. Sternum B. Spleen C. Vertebrae D. Head of Humerus E. Parietal bones
spleen
The predominant type of blood plasma protein
is:
albumins
The structure of erythrocytes makes them
highly specialized for what
oxygen tranposr
function of platelets
clotting
the apex of the heart is found where
inferior left point
the layer of the heart wall that is composed of cardiac muscle is the
myocardium
whcih vessel carries the most highly oxygenated blood
pulm veins
blood in the SVC passes into the…
right atrium
