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Theriogenology > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What affects pregnancy rates in the mare

A

Breeding management
Stallion fertility
Mare fertility
Early pregnancy detection (twins and early embryonic death)

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2
Q

What history do we need to know about the mare?

A

Fertility history
Foaling history
Type of breeding program
BSE

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3
Q

How long is the mares estrus

A

4-7 days

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4
Q

What determines whether the estrus length is short or long?

A

Day length! Horses are seasonally polyestrus

Longer days (June/july) results in a shorter estrus period

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5
Q

How long is diestrus?

A

14-16 days

Independent of day length

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6
Q

What would shorten diestrus?

Lengthen it?

A

Abnormal conditions of the uterus (inflammation releases prostaglandin which lyses CL)

Pregnancy or prolonged CL

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7
Q

How does a mare act if she’s in estrus and exposed to a stallion?

A

Estrogen influence:
Tail goes up
Urination
“Wink” (clitoral eversion)

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8
Q

How does a mare act to a stallion if she is in diestrus?

A

Progesterone influence:

Ears back, striking or kicking

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9
Q

What can you see/feel with transrectal palpation and US

A

Ovaries- follicular development
Uterus- tone and edema
Cervix- tone/relaxation

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10
Q

What causes the cervix to be relaxed?

Toned?

A

Relaxed/short/edematous during estrus

toned/long/tight/tubular during diestrus

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11
Q

What is unique about mare’s ovarian structure? How does this affect ovulation?

A

It is inside out which means she can only ovulate out of one spot (ovulation fossa)

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12
Q

Can you feel a CL in horses? What about cows?

A

No in horses, yes in cows

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13
Q

What is short cycling?

A

Give prostaglandin to lyse the C.L. And bring the mare from distestrus to estrus

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14
Q

When can you use PGF2alpha to lyse the CL?

A

No earlier than 5 days post-ovulation

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15
Q

When will onset of estrus occur after administration of PGF2alpha?

A

5-7 days on average..will depend on follicular activity

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16
Q

What do we use to predict ovulation?

A 
Follicular size (greater than or equal to 35 mm)
Follicular texture (softer and more fluid filled)
Follicular shape (irregular)
Uterine edema
17
Q

What is deslorelin acetate?

Who does it work on?

A

GnRH analog
Ovulatory agent
Works on mares already showing estrus with estrus edema and relaxed cervix

18
Q

What size follicle do you need to use deslorelin acetate?

A

Greater than or equal to 30 mm

19
Q

When will ovulation happen post administration of deslorelin acetate

A

40-48 hours (44 hours)

20
Q

How does deslorelin acetate work?

A

Works on pituitary to release more LH and FSH

21
Q

What is hCG?
What does it do?
What mares can it be used on?

A

ovulatory agent
Acts as an LH analog and works directly on the follicle
Can be used on mares with estrus edema and relaxed cervix

22
Q

What size follicle do you need in order to administer hCG?

How long until the mare will ovulate after administering hCG?

A

Greater than or equal to 35 mm

24-48 hours (36 hours)

23
Q

When do you want to breed?

A

As close to ovulation as possible!!

24
Q

How long does the oocyte live after ovulation?

A

24 hours but is only truly viable for the first 12 hours post ovulation

25
Q

How long can sperm live in the mare?

A

Fresh semen: 48+ hours
Chilled semen: 24-48 hours
Frozen semen: 12 hours post thaw

*can possibly live up to 7 days

26
Q

When you inseminate with fresh semen, how much do you need?

A

Minimum of 500 million progressively motile sperm

27
Q

How often do you inseminate with fresh semen?

A

Every other day because you’re assuming the semen lives in the tract for 48 hours

28
Q

What is the most common method of insemination?

A

AI with fresh cooled semen

29
Q

Once the semen is shipped, how long does it take to get to you?

A

24 hours

30
Q

What minimum semen are you sent with fresh cooled semen?

A

Two doses of 1 billion progressively motile sperm

31
Q

What is the conservative approach to timed AI with cooled semen?

A
  • Seen mare is ready for breeding
  • Call for semen
  • give first dose of AI and dose of hCG
  • next day, give second dose of AI as long as she hasn’t ovulated
  • 36 hours post hCG mare should ovulate
32
Q

What is the daredevil approach to timed AI with cooled semen?

A
  • see mare is ready for breeding
  • call for semen and give hCG
  • give both doses of semen 24 hours later
33
Q

Always check semen before ? For ?

A

Insemination for motility and morphology

34
Q

When should do a pregnancy exam?

A

14 days post ovulation

*look for twins

Theriogenology (19 decks)

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