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Theriogenology > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the natural-service herd dependent on for repro success?

A

Healthy breeding sound bulls

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2
Q

What type of cow usually does natural service herds

A

Beef cattle

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3
Q

How many bulls should you have?

A

One bull per 25 open cycling cows

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4
Q

What type of bulls should you buy?

A

Buy virgin bulls at least 60 days before breeding season to allow time to adjust to feed ration
Obviously disease free

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5
Q

When is a bull typically ready to breed?

A

15 months old

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6
Q

What are requirements for sound bulls?

A

Physically sound and in good health

Functional repro system

Fertile spermatozoa

Free of venereal diseases

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7
Q

What accessory sex glands does the bull have

A

Ampulla
Vesicular glands
Prostate
Bulbourethral

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8
Q

Which accessory sex gland has the ability to affect bull fertility

A

Vesicular gland

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9
Q

What things (anatomy wise) can affect bull fertility

A

Scrotum, testicle, tail of epididymis, seminal vesicle, prepuce

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10
Q

What does the BSE consist of

A

ID and history
Physical exam
Reproductive exam
Collection and examination of semen

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11
Q

What do you look at in the semen collection?

A

Motility and morphology

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12
Q

What do we not care about with bovine sperm?

A

Concentration

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13
Q

What does the PE consist of?

A 
Structural soundness
BCS
Eyes
Feet/legs
Wounds, physical defects
Generalized disease
Rectal exam of internal genitalia
External genitalia
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14
Q

What sex gland do we worry about causing disease in bulls

A

Seminal vesicles

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15
Q

What are some abnormalities you might find while palpating the seminal vesicles

A

Loss of lobules
Adhesions
One is larger than the other

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16
Q

What is the only frequently diagnosed disease of bovine accessory glands

A

Seminal vesiculitis

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17
Q

What infectious agents most commonly cause seminal vesiculitis

A

A. Pyogenes
Brucella abortus
H. Somni.
Mycobacterium

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18
Q

How to treat seminal vesiculitis

A

Can’t treat it

Won’t good enough antibiotic concentration to seminal vesicles

19
Q

What are some abnormalities of the penis and prepuce

A 
Fibropapilloma
Penile abnormalities
Hematoma
Prolapsed prepuce
Skin separation
Laceration
20
Q

When are the penile/preputial abnormalities seen?

A

After rectal probe is inserted to ejaculate the bull

21
Q

What is fibropapilloma? Caused by? How to treat?

A

Common warts and papillomas on the penis
Caused by bovine papilloma virus
Can treat
No vaccines

22
Q

What do you do with a bull with corkscrew penis

A

Cull the bull- won’t be able to perform coitus

23
Q

What is a penile hematoma

A

A break in the tunica albuguinea of the penis with the escape of the blood from the corpus cavernosum into the surrounding tissues

24
Q

What is a sequelae of penile hematoma?

A

Prolapsed prepuce

25
Q

What is prolapse of the prepuce most common in? Why?

A

Bos indicus breeds because they have a pendulous prepuce

26
Q

What can cause prolapse of the prepuce?

A
  • Injury to preputial tissue with edema

- congenital preputial abnormality

27
Q

How to treat preputial prolapse

A

Put in a sling, control infection, possibly surgery if it is a valuable bull

28
Q

Why measure scrotal circumference?

A

It strongly correlates with testicular size and sperm production in bulls up to three years of age

*it is basically a measurement for parenchymal tissue (bigger= more seminiferous tubules)

29
Q

How do bull testes hang?

A

Vertically

30
Q

What is another benefit of measuring scrotal circumference?

A

Higher scrotal circumference means:

their daughters will reach puberty at an earlier age

Reduced probability that bull will suffer from testicular hypoplasia or degeneration

In litter bearing animals, means daughters will have more active ovaries (ovulate more follicles)

31
Q

What does scrotal circumference have nothing to do with?

A

Testosterone and aggression

32
Q

What is the minimum threshold for progressive motility?

A

30%

33
Q

What stain is used for sperm?

A

Nigrosin-eosin

34
Q

What is the minimum recommended threshold for sperm morphology to be normal spermatozoa?

A

70%

35
Q

What are some sperm head defects in bulls?

A 
Wrinkled acrosome
Pyriform head
Giant or small heads
Nuclear vacuoles
Diadim defect
36
Q

What are some midpiece/tail defects in bulls

A 
Dag defect
Proximal or distal droplet (most common)
Abaxial attachment
Coiled or bent tail
Stump tail
37
Q

What does gossypol cause? Where is gossypol found

A

Gossypol is found in cottonseed product and causes segmented midpiece (impaired motility)

38
Q

What are the classification for breeding potential?

A

Satisfactory
Unsatisfactory
Deferred

39
Q

What is a satisfactory classification mean

A

Equals or surpasses all the minimum thresholds

30% progressive motility
70% normal sperm morphology
Good scrotal circumference

40
Q

What are the minimum values for scrotal circumference

A

15 months: 30 cm
18 months: 31 cm
21 months: 32 cm
24 months: 33 cm

41
Q

What does unsatisfactory mean?

A

Below one or more thresholds and unlikely to ever improve

42
Q

What does deferred mean?

A

Bulls that are substandard but have the capability to improve

Commonly young bulls or bulls with heat stress

43
Q

What are two veneral diseases to look for in bulls

A

Tritrichomonas foetus

Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis

Theriogenology (19 decks)

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