Final Lecture 9 Flashcards
What is an abortion?
Loss of fetus between day 42 and day 260
What is abortion incidence in dairy cattle?
Beef cattle?
10-15%
2.5-5%
What are infectious causes of abortion
Viral
Bacterial
Protozoal
Mycotic
What are non infectious causes of abortion
Drugs
Vitamin or nutrient deficiency
Toxic plants or substances
Elevated temperature
What are two viruses that cause abortion
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR aka bovine herpes BHV-1)
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVD)
How to diagnose IBR
Focal necrosis in the liver Intranuclear inclusion bodies 4 fold increase in convalescence titers Isolation of virus from placenta FAT
When should you vaccinate for IBR
Calves: 4-6 months of age
3-4 weeks before breeding
Modified live- vaccinate every year but not in pregnant cows
Killed- safe in pregnant cows but requires booster
What unique symptoms does BVD cause and how is this different from IBR
Cerebellar hypoplasia
Micropthalmia
Mummies, infertility, weak calves
With IBR, its just abortions usually
What happens if a cow is infected with BVD before 4 months gestation (125 days)
Cytopathic- fetal death, mummies
Non cytopathic- fetal death or persistently infected calf (shedder
What happens if cow is infected with BVD after 4 months of gestation (125 days)
Cytopathic and non cytopathic- cerebellar hypoplasia, ocular defects, abortion
How to diagnose BVD
Isolate virus from whole blood
Immunohistochemistry, ELISA, PCR
How to prevent persistently infected calf
Vaccinate with modified live before 4 months gestation as long as cow received that vaccine within the last 12 months
What species of lepto cause abortion
Interrogans
Borgpertersenii
Kirschneri
How is lepto transmitted
Urine and products of abortion
How long is lepto shed in the urine
2-6 months
What are incidental vs maintenance host
Incidental hosts experiences acute form of disease, but maintenance hosts are have adaptations of certain serovars and experience chronic disease and are lifelong carriers
*maintenance hosts have no symptoms but abortion
What are cattle a maintenance host for
L. Borgpetersenii hardgo bovi
What lepto serovars should you vaccinate for in cattle
All of them!
How often should you vaccinate against lepto
Twice a year
What do you with campylobacteriosis
Usually late embryonic death (not abortion
Clinical signs of campylobacteriosis
Prolonged estrus
Low preg rates
Occasionally abortion caused by placentitis
How is campylobacter transmitted
During coitus
Transmitted from asymptomatic bull
How to diagnose campylobacter
Herd history
Antibodies in cervical mucus
Culture
Who should you vaccinate against campylobacter
Both the female and the male
What does trichomnoiasis cause
Infertility mostly
May cause an occasional abortion or pyometra
Same as vibriosis
How to diagnose trichomoniasis
Examine and lavage prepuce of bulls
Send pyometra fluid to lab
Who does the trichomoniasis vx not work in
Not effective in bulls- test and cull positive as part of BSE
What is pathogneumonic for neosporosis
Cysts in heart and brain of fetus
What will you see with mycotic abortions
Placentitis- thick and leathery
May see fetal skin lesions
What are toxic plants that cause abortion
Ponderosa pine needles
Locoweed
Broomweed/snakeweed
Moldy sweet clover
