Final Lecture 9

Question 1

What is an abortion?

Answer 1

Loss of fetus between day 42 and day 260

Question 2

What is abortion incidence in dairy cattle?

Beef cattle?

Answer 2

10-15%

2.5-5%

Question 3

What are infectious causes of abortion

Answer 3

Viral
Bacterial
Protozoal
Mycotic

Question 4

What are non infectious causes of abortion

Answer 4

Drugs
Vitamin or nutrient deficiency
Toxic plants or substances
Elevated temperature

Question 5

What are two viruses that cause abortion

Answer 5

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR aka bovine herpes BHV-1)

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVD)

Question 6

How to diagnose IBR

Answer 6

Focal necrosis in the liver
Intranuclear inclusion bodies
4 fold increase in convalescence titers
Isolation of virus from placenta
FAT

Question 7

When should you vaccinate for IBR

Answer 7

Calves: 4-6 months of age
3-4 weeks before breeding

Modified live- vaccinate every year but not in pregnant cows
Killed- safe in pregnant cows but requires booster

Question 8

What unique symptoms does BVD cause and how is this different from IBR

Answer 8

Cerebellar hypoplasia
Micropthalmia

Mummies, infertility, weak calves

With IBR, its just abortions usually

Question 9

What happens if a cow is infected with BVD before 4 months gestation (125 days)

Answer 9

Cytopathic- fetal death, mummies

Non cytopathic- fetal death or persistently infected calf (shedder

Question 10

What happens if cow is infected with BVD after 4 months of gestation (125 days)

Answer 10

Cytopathic and non cytopathic- cerebellar hypoplasia, ocular defects, abortion

Question 11

How to diagnose BVD

Answer 11

Isolate virus from whole blood

Immunohistochemistry, ELISA, PCR

Question 12

How to prevent persistently infected calf

Answer 12

Vaccinate with modified live before 4 months gestation as long as cow received that vaccine within the last 12 months

Question 13

What species of lepto cause abortion

Answer 13

Interrogans
Borgpertersenii
Kirschneri

Question 14

How is lepto transmitted

Answer 14

Urine and products of abortion

Question 15

How long is lepto shed in the urine

Answer 15

2-6 months

Question 16

What are incidental vs maintenance host

Answer 16

Incidental hosts experiences acute form of disease, but maintenance hosts are have adaptations of certain serovars and experience chronic disease and are lifelong carriers

*maintenance hosts have no symptoms but abortion

Question 17

What are cattle a maintenance host for

Answer 17

L. Borgpetersenii hardgo bovi

Question 18

What lepto serovars should you vaccinate for in cattle

Answer 18

All of them!

Question 19

How often should you vaccinate against lepto

Answer 19

Twice a year

Question 20

What do you with campylobacteriosis

Answer 20

Usually late embryonic death (not abortion

Question 21

Clinical signs of campylobacteriosis

Answer 21

Prolonged estrus
Low preg rates
Occasionally abortion caused by placentitis

Question 22

How is campylobacter transmitted

Answer 22

During coitus

Transmitted from asymptomatic bull

Question 23

How to diagnose campylobacter

Answer 23

Herd history
Antibodies in cervical mucus
Culture

Question 24

Who should you vaccinate against campylobacter

Answer 24

Both the female and the male

Question 25

What does trichomnoiasis cause

Answer 25

Infertility mostly
May cause an occasional abortion or pyometra
Same as vibriosis

Question 26

How to diagnose trichomoniasis

Answer 26

Examine and lavage prepuce of bulls

Send pyometra fluid to lab

Question 27

Who does the trichomoniasis vx not work in

Answer 27

Not effective in bulls- test and cull positive as part of BSE

Question 28

What is pathogneumonic for neosporosis

Answer 28

Cysts in heart and brain of fetus

Question 29

What will you see with mycotic abortions

Answer 29

Placentitis- thick and leathery

May see fetal skin lesions

Question 30

What are toxic plants that cause abortion

Answer 30

Ponderosa pine needles
Locoweed
Broomweed/snakeweed
Moldy sweet clover