Final Lecture 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an abortion?

A

Loss of fetus between day 42 and day 260

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2
Q

What is abortion incidence in dairy cattle?

Beef cattle?

A

10-15%

2.5-5%

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3
Q

What are infectious causes of abortion

A

Viral
Bacterial
Protozoal
Mycotic

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4
Q

What are non infectious causes of abortion

A

Drugs
Vitamin or nutrient deficiency
Toxic plants or substances
Elevated temperature

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5
Q

What are two viruses that cause abortion

A

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR aka bovine herpes BHV-1)

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVD)

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6
Q

How to diagnose IBR

A
Focal necrosis in the liver
Intranuclear inclusion bodies
4 fold increase in convalescence titers
Isolation of virus from placenta
FAT
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7
Q

When should you vaccinate for IBR

A

Calves: 4-6 months of age
3-4 weeks before breeding

Modified live- vaccinate every year but not in pregnant cows
Killed- safe in pregnant cows but requires booster

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8
Q

What unique symptoms does BVD cause and how is this different from IBR

A

Cerebellar hypoplasia
Micropthalmia

Mummies, infertility, weak calves

With IBR, its just abortions usually

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9
Q

What happens if a cow is infected with BVD before 4 months gestation (125 days)

A

Cytopathic- fetal death, mummies

Non cytopathic- fetal death or persistently infected calf (shedder

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10
Q

What happens if cow is infected with BVD after 4 months of gestation (125 days)

A

Cytopathic and non cytopathic- cerebellar hypoplasia, ocular defects, abortion

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11
Q

How to diagnose BVD

A

Isolate virus from whole blood

Immunohistochemistry, ELISA, PCR

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12
Q

How to prevent persistently infected calf

A

Vaccinate with modified live before 4 months gestation as long as cow received that vaccine within the last 12 months

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13
Q

What species of lepto cause abortion

A

Interrogans
Borgpertersenii
Kirschneri

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14
Q

How is lepto transmitted

A

Urine and products of abortion

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15
Q

How long is lepto shed in the urine

A

2-6 months

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16
Q

What are incidental vs maintenance host

A

Incidental hosts experiences acute form of disease, but maintenance hosts are have adaptations of certain serovars and experience chronic disease and are lifelong carriers

*maintenance hosts have no symptoms but abortion

17
Q

What are cattle a maintenance host for

A

L. Borgpetersenii hardgo bovi

18
Q

What lepto serovars should you vaccinate for in cattle

A

All of them!

19
Q

How often should you vaccinate against lepto

A

Twice a year

20
Q

What do you with campylobacteriosis

A

Usually late embryonic death (not abortion

21
Q

Clinical signs of campylobacteriosis

A

Prolonged estrus
Low preg rates
Occasionally abortion caused by placentitis

22
Q

How is campylobacter transmitted

A

During coitus

Transmitted from asymptomatic bull

23
Q

How to diagnose campylobacter

A

Herd history
Antibodies in cervical mucus
Culture

24
Q

Who should you vaccinate against campylobacter

A

Both the female and the male

25
What does trichomnoiasis cause
Infertility mostly May cause an occasional abortion or pyometra Same as vibriosis
26
How to diagnose trichomoniasis
Examine and lavage prepuce of bulls | Send pyometra fluid to lab
27
Who does the trichomoniasis vx not work in
Not effective in bulls- test and cull positive as part of BSE
28
What is pathogneumonic for neosporosis
Cysts in heart and brain of fetus
29
What will you see with mycotic abortions
Placentitis- thick and leathery | May see fetal skin lesions
30
What are toxic plants that cause abortion
Ponderosa pine needles Locoweed Broomweed/snakeweed Moldy sweet clover