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Theriogenology > Final Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Final Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the boar repro tract:
What type of penis?
How are testes oriented?
What accessory sex glands?

A

Fibroelastic penis with corkscrew shaped glans

Caudally oriented testes

Prostate, bulbourethral, vesicular (no ampulla)

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2
Q

What is the main accessory sex gland in the boar?

A

Bulbourethral gland

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3
Q

Describe the sow repro tract:
What type of uterus, ovaries, and cervix?
What is different about their corpora lutea?

A

Bicornuate uterus with paired ovaries and long/twisted cervix

Corpora lutea are red

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4
Q 
Describe the sow’s estrus cycle:
What type?
When is there a decrease in fertility?
How long is the cycle?
What is different about their follicular wave?
How long is standing heat?
A 
Non-seasonal polyestrus
Slight decrease in fertility during late summer
21 day cycle length
Only one follicular wave instead of 2-3
Standing heat lasts 2-3 days
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5
Q

How can you increase the number of oocytes?

A

Make sure the sows are on a good nutrition plan before estrus…”flush feeding”

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6
Q

When are the CL functional in the sow?

A

Day 5-6

Producing progesterone

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7
Q

When will the CL respond to exogenous PGF2alpha?

A

Not until 12-13 days in the cycle

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8
Q

How can you tell if a sow is in estrus?

A

Back pressure test

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9
Q

What are some secondary signs of estrus?

A

Restless during and after feeding
Frequent small volume urination
Ear cocking
Red swollen vulva with mucoid discharge

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10
Q

Describe boar semen

A

Large volume and high concentration

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11
Q

How long does spermatogenesis take in the boar

A

35 days plus 9-12 days for epididymal transport

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12
Q

What is ideal boar semen

A

More than 65% general motility
More than 100,000 sperm/mL
Less than 20% morphologic abnormalities

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13
Q

What are the three breeding methods?

A

Pen mating
Hand breeding
AI

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14
Q

How many oocytes are fertilized?

A

All of them

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15
Q

What limits the number of embryos that survive?

A

The uterus! “Uterine capacity”

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16
Q

What do embryos secrete for maternal recognition of pregnancy?

A

Estrogen

17
Q

What is the sow dependent on for progesterone throughout the whole pregnancy?

A

The CL

18
Q

How does the pregnant sow turn off PGF2alpha and prevent luteolysis?

A

The embryos secrete estrogen, which redirects the PGF2alpha from the blood vessels and into the lumen of the uterus where it is metabolized

19
Q

How many embryos are needed to maintain pregnancy up to 30 days?
What about after 30 days?

A

Two embryos per horn up to 30 days

Two fetuses total after 30 days

20
Q

How long is the sows gestation

A

114 days (3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days)

21
Q

What type of placenta does the sow have

A

Diffuse epitheliochorial

22
Q

How can you diagnose pregnancy in the sow, what do the methods detect, and at what time frames can you do them at

A

Failure to return to estrus 17-25 days after breeding

Rectal palpation (after 30 days)

US:

  • Doppler (after 30 days) detects increased blood flow
  • A-mode (28-30) detects fluid in the uterus
  • B- mode (16-20 days rectally, more than 21 days transabdominally)
23
Q

When does the boar go through puberty?

A

About 9 months

24
Q

What could stimulate puberty in boars?

A

Longer daylight

Being a crossbred instead of a purebred boar is better

25
Q

What pheromones do boars secrete, where does it come from, and what does it do

A

5 alpha androstenone
Bound to proteins in the boar’s saliva
Stimulates estrus in sows, puberty in gilts, and mounting behavior in other boars

26
Q

When does a gilt go into puberty? how can you make it come faster?

A

6-7 months

“Boar effect”- allow fence exposure to boars or give full contact for 10 minutes a day

27
Q

What is beneficial about inducing parturition

A

Increases survival rate of piglets

Can cross-foster piglets from larger litters to sows with smaller litters

28
Q

How to induce parturtion?

A

Administer PGF2alpha 1-2 days before due date

If no response within 24 hours, administer oxytocin

29
Q

What is different about sows weaned during the summer?

A

They will take longer to return to estrus and subsequent litters might be smaller

30
Q

What are the two common infectious repro diseases of pigs

A

Porcine respiratory and reproductive virus (PRRSV)

Parvo virus

31
Q

How is PRRSV transmitted?

A

Aerosol and semen

32
Q

Clinical signs of PRRSV

A

Resp signs from weaning to finishing

Losses in all stages of production (abortions, stillbirths, and early embryonic death)

33
Q

What does parvo virus cause in the pig

A

Viremia, fetal vasculitis, early embryonic death, mummies, prolonged gestation, small litters, etc

34
Q

Who does parvo primarily affect

A

Gilts

Theriogenology (19 decks)

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