Final Lecture 3 Flashcards
What do dogs depend on for progesterone during pregnancy
CL throughout the entire pregnancy
Can progesterone be used as a pregnancy test in dogs? Why?
No, because progesterone is just as high in diestrus in a nonpregnant bitch as it is in pregnancy
What type of placenta do dogs have
Endotheliochorial, zonary, deciduate
What do marginal hematomas on the placenta do
Provide iron to the fetus
When can you successfully palpate a canine pregnancy
Easiest at 31-33 days post LH peak
As early as 17-22 days post ovulation
Basically 1 month post ovulation/LH peak
When is it difficult to palpate a canine pregnancy and why
After 35 days because the vesicles elongate
When can you ultrasound a canine pregnancy
3-4 weeks post ovulation/ LH peak
Can you count fetuses on US
No, it’s inaccurate
When should you see embryonic heart beat on US
23-25 days post LH
What other issues can you identify on US
Anembryonic sacs
Fetal death and mummification
Fluid, endometrial cysts
Pyometra
What are normal/abnormal fetal heartrates?
> 180 is normal
160-180 is mild to moderate stress
Less than 160 is severe stress and should immediately intervene
What is relaxin used for? What is it produced by? When might it not be accurate?
Pregnancy diagnosis
Produced by placenta
May not be accurate with singleton pup
How early can you preg check with relaxin
As early as 21-22 days after breeding. If negative, MUST recheck in 7-10.
Otherwise, check once at least 28 days post LH
When should you use radiography
Late gestation for litter size
Describe fetal mineralization
45 days- skull, spine, some ribs
54 days- pelvis
61 days- paws, calcaneus, tail vertebrae, TEETH
What proteins are elevated in a pregnant bitch
Positive Acute phase proteins like fibrinogen
NOT specific for pregnancy
Describe gestational length in dogs
65 +/- 1 day post LH peak
57 +/- 1 day post diestrus cytology
57-72 days post breeding
What will happen within 1 day of parturition
Body temp will fall to 99F
What physiological changes might you see during canine pregnancy
NN anemia
Increased plasma volume
Increased TP
Gestational diabetes mellitus and ketosis
What vaccines should not be given during pregnancy
Live vaccines
What should you continue giving during pregnancy
HW/parasite prevention
Describe nutrition during pregnancy
Stay on regular diet 2/3 of the way through pregnancy, then switch to puppy for last third. OR stay on all stages diet throughout.
do NOT supplement calcium or give raw diets
Which organisms will cause abortion in the dog
Campylobacter
Salmonella
E. Coli
Toxoplasma gondii
What is hypoluteoidism
Is it common?
How to treat?
Progesterone is too low to maintain pregnancy
Not common
Treat with P4 supplement but stop prior to parturition
What can P4 supplementation cause?
Masculization of female fetuses
What can canine herpes virus causes
Mummies, abortions, stillborns, premature deliveries
How is herpes transmitted
Respiratory, oral, venereal
What type of placenta do cats have
Zonary, endotheliochorial, deciduate
Describe feline gestation length
Average is 65-67 days
What is feline pregnancy dependent on for P4
CL throughout pregnancy
What can be used for preg check in cats
Relaxin, not P4
What are some suggestive signs of pregnancy in cats
More docile, mammary gland changes
When can you palpate feline pregnancy
2 weeks gestation
What can you US feline pregnancy
2.5 weeks post mating
When can you use relaxin in feline
28 days gestation in serum and urine
When can you use radiology for feline pregnancy
38-43 days gestation
How can you estimate gestational age in cat
Crown rump length since cats are all about the same size
What is mammary gland hypertrophy- who does it affect? What causes it? Treatment?
Young queens
Progesterone influence
Must distinguish from neoplasia
Remove progesterone source- spay or luteolysis
