Lecture 5

Question 1

Granulocytes

Answer 1

Neutrophils - 1 nucleus, many lobes
Eosinophils- Pink, cells with glasses
Basophils- stain blue

Remove dead microorganisms, attracted by an inflammatory response of damaged cells.

Question 2

Monocytes

Answer 2

Macrophages
In tissues which serve as filters for trapping microbes. Live longer than granulocytes. Arrive later than granulocytes. Stimulate specific immune response IL-1 and IL-6. Circulate the body and become activated.

Question 3

B-Lymphocytes

Answer 3

Produced + mature in bone marrow then concentrate in lymph nodes and spleen.
Secrete antibodies
Humoral immunity
Recognise pathogens outside cells
Can become memory cells

Question 4

T-Lympocytes

Answer 4

Produced in bone marrow, mature in thymus.
Do not recognise free antigen.
CD8- cytotoxic. Directly invade cells. Recognise pathogens that have entered cells.
CD4- Helpers. Help B cells, process antigens. Stimulate B cells and activate cytotoxic cells.

Question 5

Epitope

Answer 5

Fragment of antigen

Question 6

HIV- Human immunodeficiency virus

Answer 6

Retrovirus
Infects CD4+ T cells
Causes AIDS (Acquired..)
Signs of progression: Infection, latency, AIDS

Question 7

Live (attenuated) vaccines

Answer 7

Live, weakened pathogen

MMR

Question 8

Inactivated vaccines

Answer 8

Inactivated, only part of pathogen

Hep B

Question 9

Toxoid vaccines

Answer 9

Bacterial toxin

Diphtheria

Question 10

Conjugated vaccine

Answer 10

Antigen linked to protein carrier

Pneumococcal