Lecture 20

Question 1

Axial skeleton

Answer 1

Skull, sternum, ribs, vertebral column

Question 2

Endosteum

Answer 2

Centre of bone

Question 3

Periostium

Answer 3

Outside of bone

Question 4

Francture healing

Answer 4

Rupture of blood vessels- haematoma which fills gap and provides fibrin meshwork to allow formation go granulation tissue
Inflammatory cells release cytokines to activate osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
Development of cartilage cap (callous)
Bone deposition strengthens callous

Question 5

‘Arthropathy’

Answer 5

joint disease/disorder

Question 6

Osteophytes

Answer 6

Bony thickening and outgrowths

Question 7

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 7

More common in women

Linked with HLA (Human leukocyte antigen)

Question 8

RA diagnosis

Answer 8

Need 4 of:
Morning stiffness > 1h
Arthritis in 3+ joints
Arthritis of typical hand joints
Symmetric arthritis
Rheumatoid nodules
Serum rheumatoid factor
Typical radiographic changes

Question 9

Gout

Answer 9

Raised uric acid. Produced by breakdown of purine bases by the enzyme xanthine oxidase. Usually excreted by kidneys. Urate deposited as crystals in the joints. Repeated attacks lead to arthritis

Question 10

Pseudogout

Answer 10

Precipitation of calcium pyrophosphate crystals in connective tissues.
Crystals in cartilage can enlarge and rupture causing crystal shedding into joint cavity or soft tissues

Question 11

Osteomyelitis

Answer 11

Bone infection usually caused by bacteria