Lecture 23

Question 1

Organisms capable of living in any tissue

Answer 1

Staph aureus

Makes coagulases

Question 2

Organisms capable of releasing toxins that damage widely

Answer 2

E coli

Produces toxins that spread via the blood stream

Question 3

Organisms capable of living/reproducing in very few tissues

Answer 3

Influenza viruses bind to sialic (neuraminic) acid on respiratory mucosa
Aspergillus spp sporulate only when in contact with air
Clostridium spp require hypoxic conditions

Question 4

Organisms that release products that damage only certain tissues

Answer 4

c. diff releases enterotoxins that damage the L intestine mucosa
Clostridium botulinum releases a toxin ingested with food
Vibrio cholerae toxin activated cyclic ATP, causing active loss of fluid from intestinal lining.

Question 5

Exotoxins

Answer 5

Produced by intact bacteria

typically have specific effecta

Question 6

Endotoxins

Answer 6

Components of cell walls
Trigger complement and coagulation cascade
Induce interleukin 1, causing fever

Question 7

Amoebiasis

Answer 7

Entamoeba histolytics
Colon colonisation causing amoebic dysentery
amoebic diseases e.g liver

Question 8

Giardiasis

Answer 8

Guardia lambda
Small intestinal infection
Diarrhoea and weight loss

Question 9

Flukes

Answer 9

Schistosomiasis
Schistosoma spp(flukes)
life cycle involves humans and water snails
granulomata in urinary bladder (s haematobium) or liver (s mansoni or japonicum)

Question 10

Roundoworms

Answer 10

Enterobius vermicularis

threadworms

Question 11

Tapeworms

Answer 11

Diphyllobothrium datum. Fish tapeworm causing vit b12 defficiency

Echinocactus granulosus. Dog tapeworm causing liver cysts

Question 12

Prions

Answer 12

Infectious particles with no DNA or RNA

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, creutzfeldt-jakob disease, exogenous protein causes conformational changes in exogenous protein