Lecture 16

Question 1

UTI in urethra

Answer 1

Urethritis

Question 2

UTI in bladder

Answer 2

Cystitis

Question 3

UTI in prostate

Answer 3

Prostatitis

Question 4

UTI in kidney

Answer 4

Pyelonephritis

Question 5

Most common cause of UTI’s

Answer 5

E-coli

Others:
Staphylococcus, proteus and klebsiella

Question 6

Renin

Answer 6

Helps control BP (Angiotensin -> angiotensin I)

Question 7

Erythropoetin EPO

Answer 7

Stimulates production of RBC’s in bone marrow and helps with production of Vit D.

Question 8

Causes of actor renal failure

Answer 8

Pre-renal: hypoperfusion, sepsis
Renal: ATN damage to tubules due to ischaemia or nephrotoxins
Post-renal: renal tract obstruction (stones, tumour)

Question 9

GFR (glomerular filtration rate)

Answer 9

Volume of fluid filtered from the glomerular capillaries into the bowman’s capsule per unit time

Question 10

Renal cell carcinoma

Answer 10

85% all renal cancers. Usually 50-70. 2:1 male predominance.

Often found incidentally

Question 11

Transitional cell carcinoma

Answer 11

Commonest malignant condition in the bladder

Question 12

Testicular tumours

Answer 12

Most common malignancy in males 15-44