Lecture 4 - Sport Injury and Healing Process

Question 1

What is sport injury?

Answer 1

tissue damage/derangement of normal physical function due to participation in sports, generally due to external forces

Question 2

What are the different modes of onset of a injury?

Answer 2

Acute, repetitive gradual onset, repetitive sudden onset

Question 3

What are soft tissue injuries?

Answer 3

cartilage injuries, muscle injuries, tendon injuries and ligament injuries

Question 4

What are skeletal injuries?

Answer 4

bone fractures or other bone injuries

Question 5

What is articular cartilage?

Answer 5

flexible cartilage that provides smooth surface for joint movement. found at end of bones

Question 6

What is fibrocartilage?

Answer 6

tough cartilage that is able to absorb loads (discs of the spine, meniscus)

Question 7

What does a tendon connect?

Answer 7

Muscle to bone

Question 8

What is a enthesis?

Answer 8

Junction between a tendon and a bone

Question 9

What does a ligament join?

Answer 9

2 bones together

Question 10

What tissue is sprained?

Answer 10

ligament

Question 11

What tissue is teared?

Answer 11

ligament, muscle, tendon

Question 12

What tissue is strained?

Answer 12

tendon, muscle

Question 13

What tissue is ruptured?

Answer 13

internal organ, tendon, muscle, ligament

Question 14

What are the 3 components of the stress-strain curve?

Answer 14

Stiffness: ability of a tissue to resist load
Yield point: indicates the limit of elastic behaviour and the beginning of plastic behaviour
Creep: deformation in the shape/properties of a tissue that occurs under the influence of persistent mechanical stress

Question 15

What are the 4 stages of wound healing and what do they do?

Answer 15

1. Hemostasis: stop the leak
   - process to prevent and stop bleeding when injury occurs (results in formation of a clot)
2. Inflammation: clean up
   - defensive response of tissue to a physical or chemical injury or bacterial infection
3. Proliferation: Rebuild
   - angiogenesis
   - fibroblast migration
   - epithelialization
   - wound retraction
4. Remodelling: Increase tissue strength

Question 16

Name some important factors in wound healing:

Answer 16

• nutrition
• hypoxia
• infection
• immunosuppression
• chronic disease
• wound management
• age
• genetics
• surgical technique

Question 17

What are the goals of early treatment of acute soft tissue injury?

Answer 17

• limit bleeding
• limit swelling
• relieve pain
• improve conditions for subsequent treatment and healing

Question 18

Which part of PEACE and LOVE is for the acute stage?

Answer 18

PEACE

Question 19

What does PEACE and LOVE stand for?

Answer 19

P - protect
E - elevate
A - avoing anti-inflammatories
C - compress
E - education

L - Load
O - optimism
V - vascularization
E - excercises

Question 20

What is the main difference between PEACE and LOVE and PRICE and POLICE?

Answer 20

price and police method includes the use of ice. we want to avoid ice in the acute stage as it slows down inflammation and thus slows down healing

Question 21

What should we avoid during the acute stage?

Answer 21

avoid making the injury worse (DO NO HARM)