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KNES 372 > Lecture 15 - Infection in Athletes > Flashcards

Lecture 15 - Infection in Athletes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the common pathogens that cause infections?

A
  • virus
  • bacteria
  • fungi
  • parasites
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2
Q

Trasnmission

What is direct contact? Give an example of trasnmission and an example of infection.

A

direct contact with an infected person
shaking hands
common cold

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3
Q

Trasnmission

What is indirect contact? Give an example of trasnmission and an example of infection.

A

infectious agent depositied onto surface
training equipment
norovirus

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4
Q

Trasnmission

What is droplet? Give an example of trasnmission and an example of infection.

A

large droplets through air
coughing
influenza

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5
Q

Transmission

What is airborn trasnmission? Give an example of trasnmission and an example of infection.

A

small particles that are inhaled
ventilation systems
tuberculosis

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6
Q

What is vehicle transmission? Give an example of trasnmission and an example of infection.

A

single contaminated source
contaminated food or water
E.Coli

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7
Q

Transmission

What is animal-born trasnmission? Give an example of trasnmission and an example of infection.

A

insect or animal
mosquitos
malaria

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8
Q

What is blood born transmission? Give an example of trasnmission and an example of infection.

A

contact with infected blood
sharing needles
HIV

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9
Q

What is mother to child transmission? Give an example of trasnmission and an example of infection.

A

pathogens pass from infected mother to child
pregnancy, breastfeeding
HBV, HIV

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10
Q

What are the 2 most common infections in athletes?

A
  1. respiratory illnesses
  2. gastrointestinal illnesses
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11
Q

Are men or women for susceptible to infections?

A

Women

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12
Q

What curve represents the relationship between exercise and immune function? Explain.

A

J-shaped curve (moderate excersises can decrease risk of exercise, but excessive exercise may impair immun function

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13
Q

What is the most common infection in athletes?

A

upper respiratory tract infection

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14
Q

Upper respiratory tract infection

Pathology

A

majority are viral
direct and indirect contac, droplets
acute infection

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15
Q

Upper respiratory tract infection

Symptoms and signs (diagnosis)

A
  • runny nose, sore throat, fatigue, low grade fever, cough
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16
Q

Upper respiratory tract infection

Treatment

A

fluids, pain control, rest

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17
Q

What is neck check?

A

if symptoms are above the neck (sore throat nasal congestion) –> can RTS cautiously

if symptoms below the neck (vomiting, fever, diarrhea) –> stop actviity and rest

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18
Q

What does RTS look like for more severe bacterial URTI?

sinustis, pharyngitis

A

athletes should be afebrile and on antibitotics for at least 24 hrs before RTS

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19
Q

Mono

Pathology

A
  • viral
  • spread through saliva (kissing disease)
  • 30-50 day incubation period
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20
Q

Mono

diagnosis

A
  • clincial findings
  • labratory data
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21
Q

Mono

Treatment

A
  • rest, eat healthy, fluids
  • tylenol/advil for sore throat and headaches
  • no anti-virals
22
Q

Mono

Complications

A

spleen enlargement, which can lead to spleen rupture (quite rare)

23
Q

Mono

RTS

A
  • recovery: 4-6 weeks from diagnosis
  • when afebrile, fatigue resolved and 3 weeks from onset of symptoms –> can return to light and non-contact activity
  • no worseining symptoms –> progress to more strenuous activity
  • individualized
24
Q

Influenza

Pathology

A
  • A or B
  • highly contagious by droplets (winter season due to dry air)
25
Q

Influenza

Symptoms

A

Day 1-3: sudden appearance of fever, headache, muscle pain, weakness, dry cough, sore throat
Day 4: fever and muscle aches decrease, hoarse, dry or sore throat, cough and mild chest discomfort
Day 8: symptoms decreases, cough and fatigue may last

26
Q

Influenza

Complications

A
  • dehydration
  • pneumonia
  • bronchitis
  • myositis
  • death
27
Q

Influenza

Treatment

A
  • supportive care, hydration
  • tylenol/NSAIDS
  • antivirals with 48 hrs of symptom onset
  • isolation for 5 days
  • RTS when all symptoms resolved
28
Q

Influenza

Prevention

A
  • vaccinations
  • avoid contacts with infected people and contagious objects
  • wash hands
  • cough/sneeze into sleeve
  • avoid touching face
  • isolate if symptomatic
  • face mask
  • dont share water bottles/equipment
  • avoid getting wet and cold after exerciese
  • heat and moisture exchanging mask in the cold (below -15)
  • good recovery routines
29
Q

UTI

Pathology

A
  • usually bacterial
30
Q

UTI

Symptoms and signs

A
  • urge to urinate, burning sensation when peeing
  • pelvic pain
  • hematuria
31
Q

UTI

Risk Factors

A
  • female
  • dehydration
  • intense exercise
  • poor hygiene
  • friction (bike)
32
Q

UTI

Prevention

A
  • stay hydrated
  • hygiene
  • cranberry juice
  • wear loose/breathable clothing
33
Q

UTI

Treatment

A
  • antibiotics
  • pain relief
  • increased fluid intake
34
Q

Otitis external

Pathology

A

bacterial

35
Q

Otitis external

Signs + symptoms

A
  • itching
  • redness
  • pain
  • hearing loss
36
Q

Otitis external

Risk factors

A
  • chronic moisture
  • trauma from foreign bodies
37
Q

Otitis external

Prevention

A
  • keep ears dry
  • don’t damage the skin
38
Q

Otitis external

Treatment

A
  • antibiotics/steroid combination drops
  • NSAIDS - pain control
39
Q

Cellulitis

Pathology

A
  • acute spreading of infection in dermal and subcutaneous tissues
  • group A streptococcus, staphylococcus aureus
  • bacterila invasion into damaged skin tissues
40
Q

Cellulitis

Signs and symptoms

A
  • pain
  • redness
  • swelling
  • warm tense skin with ot without fever
41
Q

Cellulitis

Treatment

A
  • skin hygiene
  • antibitoics
42
Q

Impetigo

Pathology

A
  • superficial skin infection
  • staphylococcus or streptococcus
  • direct skin to to skin contact
  • broken or unborken skin
43
Q

Impetigo

Signs + Symptoms

A
  • early - tender red papules
  • later - non-tender vesicles with surrounding redness
  • late - honey colored crust
44
Q

Impetigo

Treatment

A
  • skin hygiene
  • antibiotics (topicl - mild, oral - more severe)
45
Q

Impetigo

RTS

A
  • 72 hours of antibiotics completed
  • no new lesiosn in 72 hrs
  • no moist lesions
46
Q

Herpes Simplex

Pathology

A
  • HSV-1 (herpes gladiatorum)
  • skin to skin contact (common in wrestler)
  • hughly contagious
47
Q

Herpes Simplex

Symptoms

A
  • first mild flu-like symptoms – rash appears 1-2 days later
  • burn/tingling
    -leasions last 10-14 days
  • reactivation (latent herpes with lives in neural ganglia, tingling/burning before appearance of skin lesions, triggered by physical or emotional stress or fever)
48
Q

Herpes Simplex

Treament

A
  • pain relief
  • keep dry
  • oral anti-virals
49
Q

Herpes Simplex

RTS

A
  • free of systematic symptoms for 72 hrs
  • new new lesions for 72 hours
  • no moist or active lesions
  • treated with antivirals
50
Q

Tinea

Pathology

A
  • fungal skin infection
  • highly contagious
  • heat and moisture help fundi grow – common in areas where we sweat
51
Q

tinea pedis (athletes foot)

Pathology, symptoms, treatment

A

Pathology: sperficial skin infection of feet, fungi (trichophyton, epidermophyton)
Symptoms: itching, scaling, vesicles
treatment: topical or antifungals 2-4 weeks

52
Q

How to prevent skin infections in athletes? (video)

A
  • keep cuts and scrapes clean and covered
  • prevent blisters (gel covers, specialized socks)
  • moisture wicking clothes to prevent germs from growing
  • wear sandals in locker room
  • showing after parctice or games
  • use anti-bacterial soap
  • use clean towel
  • don’t share personal care items
  • wash towels, clothes and sports bag
  • disinfect sports equipment
  • check athletes skin
  • ask athletes to check skin

KNES 372 (24 decks)

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