Lecture 10 - Common Injuries In Sport

Question 1

What is the apophyseal?

Answer 1

where the tendons/ligaments attach to the bone (part of growth plate)

Question 2

What is apophysitis? Mechanisms and treatments?

Answer 2

traction injury caused by repetitve stress that causes irritation and inflammation
treatment: stop doing whatever makes it hurt

Question 3

What are the common types of apophysitis?

Answer 3

• Severs (calcaneus)
• Osgood-Schlatter (tibial tuberosity)
• little league elbow (medial epicondyle

Question 4

What is synovitis?

Answer 4

Inflammation of synovial membrane in joints

Question 5

What is chondropathy

Answer 5

Affects cartilage, more common in females

Question 6

What is fasciitis?

Answer 6

Inflammation of fascia (connective tissue that surrounds muscle and blood vessels)

Question 7

Plantar faciitis: cause, risk factor, treatment.

Answer 7

Cause: overuse, improper footwear or biomechanical issues
Risk higher after period of inactivity
treated conservatively

Question 8

What is chronic compartment syndrome?

Answer 8

exercise (repetitive impact activity and overloading) induced condition of muscle that causes swelling and increased pressure in muscle compartment causing reduced blood flow and pain

Question 9

What are signs and symptoms of chronic compartment syndrome and how do we treat it?

Answer 9

Signs + symptoms: aching, burning, tightness, numbness, weakness
Treatment: conservative

Question 10

What is bursitis?

Answer 10

Inflammation of bursa

Question 11

What causes bursistis? What are signs + symptoms, and how do we treat it?

Answer 11

Cause: overuse/repetitive movements, prolonged pressure, or direct blow
Signs + symptoms: pain during movement, swelling of bursa
treat conservatively

Question 12

What is low back pain in adult athletes related too?

Answer 12

muscle tissue loading and disc

Question 13

What are some risk factors for LBP in adult athletes?

Answer 13

• previous back injury
• family history of LBD
• anatomical structure of spine
• improper technique
• sleep deficits
• nicotine use
• overloading structures of the spine
  stress

Question 14

Explain degenerative disc disease (DDD):

Answer 14

• due to heavy stress to the spine
• intervertebral disc wears down
• pain, stiffness, reduced ROM
• radiating pain to the arms or legs, numbness, tingling, weakness
• treatment: conservative

Question 15

What is an avulsion fracture? Signs + symptoms, high risk sports, treatment.

Answer 15

Tendon or ligament pulls off a piece of bone from attachment point

• sudden pain, pop, swelling, loss of function
  High risk sports: gymnastics, soccer, track, football
  conservative or surgical treatment

Question 16

What tissue is damaged in a lateral ankle sprain?

Answer 16

anterior talofibular ligament
posterior talofibular ligament
calcaneofibular ligament
peroneal tendons

Question 17

What is the mechanism for a lateral ankle sprain?

Answer 17

Sudden excessive supination or inversion (130-180 ms after contact)

Question 18

What tissues can be damaged with a medial ankle sprain?

Answer 18

• deltoid ligament
• sometimes combination with malleolar fracture or syndesmosis
• tibialis posterior and teo flexor tendons

Question 19

What is the mechanism for a medial ankle sprain?

Answer 19

excessive eversion

Question 20

Does a medial or lateral ankle sprain take longer to heal?

Answer 20

Medial

Question 21

What tissue is damaged in a high ankle sprain (syndesmosis injury)?

Answer 21

syndesmosis ligaments that connect tibia and fibula
sometimes rupture of anterior tibiofibular ligament

Question 22

What is the mechanism for a high ankle sprain?

Answer 22

forced external rotation

Question 23

What are complications of ankle sprains?

Answer 23

• increased risk for re-injury
• unstable joint (chronic ankle instability)
• ankle joint osteoarthritis
• persistent pain