Lecture 37 Unit 5

Question 1

what does the male reproductive system consist of

Answer 1

testes, ducts, accessory sex glands, and supporting structures

Question 2

what are the supporting structures

Answer 2

penis and scrotum

Question 3

what are the ducts of the male repro system

Answer 3

ejaculatory duct, vas deferens, epididymis, urethra

Question 4

what is the ejaculatory duct and prostatic urethra used for

Answer 4

transport

Question 5

what is the epididymis used for

Answer 5

maturation and storage

Question 6

what is the vas defers used for

Answer 6

storage and transport

Question 7

what are the accessory glands

Answer 7

semina vesicle, prostate, cowpers gland

Question 8

what do the seminal vesicles contain

Answer 8

viscous seminal fluid

Question 9

what is in viscous seminal fluid

Answer 9

fructose, prostaglandins, and fibrinogen

Question 10

what does fructose do

Answer 10

fuel for glycolysis for ATP prodcution

Question 11

what do prostaglandins do

Answer 11

contribute to sperm viability, motility and transoort

Question 12

what do fibrinogens do

Answer 12

aids coagulation of semen in female repro tract

Question 13

what is in the prostate

Answer 13

thin seminal fluid

Question 14

what is in thin seminal fluid

Answer 14

slightly acidic pH, proteolytic enzymes, seminalplasmin

Question 15

what do proteolytic enzymes do

Answer 15

break down clotting proteins from seminal vesicels

Question 16

what does seminalplasmin do

Answer 16

an antibiotic that destroys bacteria

Question 17

what is in cowpers gland

Answer 17

mucous like fluid and alkaline

Question 18

what does the mucous like fluid do

Answer 18

minimize damage to sperm during ejaculation

Question 19

what does alkaline do

Answer 19

protects sperm from acids in urine

Question 20

what do Sertoli cells do

Answer 20

• support sperm production

- support sperm development within densely packed seminiferous tubules

Question 21

what do leydig cells do

Answer 21

-testosterone prosecuting portion of testes

Question 22

where are leydig cells located

Answer 22

in connective tissue between loops of seminiferous tubules

Question 23

what is spermatogenesis

Answer 23

the conversions of undifferentiated germ cells into specialize motile sperm

Question 24

where are Sertoli cells located

Answer 24

• extend from basal lamina to lumen

- columnar with adjoining lateral processes

Question 25

what is the process of spermatogenesis

Answer 25

spermatogonia > primary spermatocyte > secondary spermatocyte > spermatid > sperm cell

Question 26

what are the phases in mitosis

Answer 26

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokenesis

Question 27

what is mitosis performed by

Answer 27

all replicating cells in the human body including spermatogonia and oogonia

Question 28

what is meiosis performed by

Answer 28

only done by spermatogonia and oogonia

Question 29

what are the three unique events in meiosis

Answer 29

1. tetrad formation 2. crossing over 3. movement of pairs of chromatids towards poles

Question 30

what are spermatogonia

Answer 30

sperm stem cells, maintaining their number through mitosis

Question 31

what happen to excess spermatogonia

Answer 31

they enter meiosis becoming spermatocytes then spermatids then spermatozoa

Question 32

what happens in meiosis

Answer 32

involved 2 rounds of cell division to yield 4 hapless cells called gametes

Question 33

what happens in gametes (chromosome wise)

Answer 33

number is halved of each human autosome plus one sex chromosome for a total of 23

Question 34

what does spermatogenesis result in

Answer 34

the release of sperm into the lumen of seminiferous tubules

Question 35

when does meiosis I begin

Answer 35

when a spermatogonium undergoes differentiation

Question 36

when does meiosis II occur

Answer 36

after meiosis I, resulting in 4 spermatids

Question 37

what happens after spermatids differentiate into sperm

Answer 37

they are released from Sertoli cells into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules

Question 38

what does the acrosome do

Answer 38

facilitate penetration of secondary oocyte

Question 39

what is spermiation

Answer 39

release of mature spermatozoa from Sertoli cells into the lumen fo the seminiferous tubule

Question 40

what is capacitation

Answer 40

final maturation of the sperm occurs within female repro tract

Question 41

what is hyper activation triggered by

Answer 41

Ca2+ influx, the result of increased progesterone acting on the male sperm in the female repro tract

Question 42

what makes men infertile

Answer 42

if they are deficient tin the progesterone binding Ca2+ channel

Question 43

what does increased GnRH trigger the release of

Answer 43

LH and FSH

Question 44

what does LH do

Answer 44

stimulates testosterone production by Leydig cells

Question 45

what does FSH do

Answer 45

acts on Sertoli cells to promote spermatogenesis by stimulating ABD production which helps keep local testosterone high