Lecture 11 Unit 2 Flashcards
what are 6 functions of the respiratory system
- ventilation and gas exchange
- filtering, warming, and humidifying inhaled air
- sound production
- sense of smell
- metabolism of hormones
- acid-base balance
what is external respiration
the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood
what is internal respiration
gas exchange between capillary blood and the cells in tissues
what is cellular respiration
the use of oxygen by cells to produce ATP by oxidizing glucose
what is the branching of the bronchial tree?
trachea> primary bronchi > secondary bronchi > tertiary bronchi > bronchioles > terminal bronchioles
what is each lung further sub divided into?
bronchopulmonary segments
what is a bronchopulmonary segment?
the portion of the lung that is supplied by a tertiary bronchus
how many bronchopulmonary segments are in each lung?
there are 10 in the right and 8 in the left
what is each segment further divided into?
many smaller lung lobules
what does each terminal bronchiole supply?
a single lung lobule
what is a lobule?
a small segment of lung tissue that is wrapped in connective tissue
what does a lobule contain?
a lymph vessel, an arteriole, a venue, respiratory bronchioles, and alveolar ducts and alveoli
what are alveoli?
sac-like outpourings of the respiratory portion of the bronchial tree
how many alveoli are in a normal lung?
300 million
97% of the alveolar wall consists of what?
squamous epithelial cells or Type I alveolar cells
what are type I alveolar cells
very thin and have tight junctions that prevent fluid leakage into the alveolar air spaces
what is the other 3% of the alveolar wall made of?
type II alveolar cells
what do type II alveolar cells secrete?
surfactant
what happens in nutritional flow in pulmonary blood supply?
the lung tissue receives oxygenated blood from the bronchial arteries which branch off of the aorta
what happens in pulmonary flow in pulmonary blood supply?
the pulmonary artery supplies the lung capillaries. each lunch lobule receives a branch of the pulmonary artery . the pulmonary capillaries connect the arterioles with the pulmonary venues, which ultimately drain into the pulmonary veins
