Lecture 1 Unit 1

Question 1

what are the three components in the cardiovascular system

Answer 1

• heart
• blood
• blood vessels

Question 2

what does the heart do in the cardiovascular system

Answer 2

-acts as a pump to propel blood

Question 3

what does the blood do in the cardiovascular system

Answer 3

moves through tubes called blood vessels

Question 4

what do blood vessels do

Answer 4

conduct blood throughout the body

Question 5

what is the path blood travels?

Answer 5

heart> arteries > capillaries > veins > heart

Question 6

what are the two cardiovascular circuits

Answer 6

1. systemic circuit

2. pulmonary circuit

Question 7

what does the systemic circuit do?

Answer 7

carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells of our body

Question 8

what does the pulmonary circuit do?

Answer 8

reloads blood with oxygen

Question 9

how many trips through the heart before returning to the same place?

Answer 9

2

Question 10

each side of the heart contains what two things?

Answer 10

an atrium and a ventricle

Question 11

what blood does the systemic circuit carry

Answer 11

oxygenated blood (arterial blood)

Question 12

where does the systemic circuit begin and end

Answer 12

begins with the left ventricle of the heart and ends with the right atrium

Question 13

how does blood distribute in the systemic circuit

Answer 13

in a parallel manner

Question 14

what are the major recipients of blood in the systemic circuit

Answer 14

kidneys, GI system, skeletal muscle, brain, skin, heart, liver, bone

Question 15

does the systemic circuit use arteries or veins

Answer 15

arteries

Question 16

does the pulmonary circuit use arteries or veins

Answer 16

veins

Question 17

what type of blood does the pulmonary circuit carry

Answer 17

deoxygenated blood (venous blood)

Question 18

what happens in the pulmonary circuit

Answer 18

deoxygenated blood is carried to the lungs where it is reloaded with oxygen before returning to the heart

Question 19

what happens in the systemic circuit

Answer 19

oxygenated blood in carried to body cells/tissues/organs

Question 20

where does the pulmonary circuit begin and end

Answer 20

begins with the right ventricle fo the heart (ejects blood into the pulmonary trunk) and ends with the left atrium (collects the returning blood)

Question 21

in order for the pulmonary circuit to function correctly what does it also require proper function of?

Answer 21

the respiratory system

Question 22

what is cardiac output

Answer 22

• the amount of blood pumped by a ventricle per unit time (measured in L/min)
• same for both systemic and pulmonary circuits

Question 23

what is Cardiac output under resting conditions

Answer 23

5 L/min

Question 24

what is the heart primarily composed of

Answer 24

cardiac muscle

Question 25

how many chambers does the heart have

Answer 25

4

Question 26

how does the heart direct blood flow

Answer 26

4 valves

Question 27

how is the heart supplied with blood

Answer 27

by the first two arteries formed off of the aorta

Question 28

what are the four chambers of the mammilian heart

Answer 28

1. the right atrium 2. left atrium 3. right ventricle 4. left ventricle

Question 29

how do the atria and the ventricles operate

Answer 29

the atria receive blood and the ventricles force blood out of the heart into systemic and pulmonary circuits

Question 30

which ventricle has more muscle? why?

Answer 30

left due to difference in workload

Question 31

how many "one way" heart valves are there

Answer 31

4

Question 32

what do heart valves ensure

Answer 32

that blood flows through the heart in only one direction

Question 33

where are the heart valves located and what are they called

Answer 33

there are two between the atria and ventricles (left and right atrioventricular valves)

Question 34

where are the two semilunar valves located

Answer 34

one between LV and aorta and the other between RV and pulmonary trunk

Question 35

what is another name for the left atrioventricular valve

Answer 35

the bicuspid calve or mitral valve

Question 36

what does the left AV valve do

Answer 36

separates the left atrium and left ventricle

Question 37

what is another name for the right AV valve

Answer 37

the tricuspid valve

Question 38

what does the right AV valve do

Answer 38

separates the right atrium and right ventricle

Question 39

what are chordae tendinae

Answer 39

tendons in the tissue flaps of the AV valves

Question 40

where do chordae tendinae attach

Answer 40

the valve cusps to the inner ventricular walls

Question 41

what do chordae tendinae prevent

Answer 41

prolapse of the valves into the atria during ventricular contraction

Question 42

what do papillary muscles do

Answer 42

regulate tension in the chordae tendinae and contract simultaneously with the ventricles

Question 43

what does the aortic semilunar valve do

Answer 43

is separates the left ventricular chamber from the aorta

Question 44

what does the pulmonary semilunar valve do

Answer 44

separates the right ventricular chamber from the pulmonary trunk

Question 45

how do the AV valves open?

Answer 45

in a pressure-dependent manner, meaning that they open and close in response to pressure differences between the major vessels and the heart ventricles

Question 46

what is coronary circulation?

Answer 46

a part of systemic circulation that provides the heart tissue itself with blood

Question 47

what is the function of collateral routes (anastomoses)?

Answer 47

they ensure blood delivery to heart tissue even if major vessels are occluded

Question 48

What are the tissues of the heart supplied by?

Answer 48

blood from the right and left coronary arteries

Question 49

where does the right coronary artery originate?

Answer 49

the ascending aorta

Question 50

where does the left coronary artery originate?

Answer 50

the ascending aorta

Question 51

what does the right coronary artery supply?

Answer 51

the SA node, the AV node, parts of the right atrium, the interventricular septum, and both ventricles

Question 52

where does the marginal branch originate and what does it supply/

Answer 52

it originates on the right coronary and supplies The anterior portions of the right ventricle

Question 53

where does the posterior interventricular branch originate and what does it supply?

Answer 53

it originates on the right coronary and supplies the posterior portions of both ventricles

Question 54

what does the left coronary artery supply?

Answer 54

the SA node, parts of the left atrium, the interventricular septum and both ventricles

Question 55

what does the circumflex branch supply?

Answer 55

the left atrium and posterior regions of the left ventricle

Question 56

what does the anterior interventricular branch supply and where does it originate?

Answer 56

it originates from the left coronary and supplies the anterior portions of both ventricles

Question 57

what is the functions of the great cardiac vein?

Answer 57

drains the anterior heart

Question 58

what is the function of the middle cardiac vein?

Answer 58

drains the posterior heart

Question 59

where do both the great cardiac vein and the middle cardiac vein drain?

Answer 59

into the coronary sinus

Question 60

where does the coronary sinus drain?

Answer 60

into the right atrium