Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physio 202 Lecture > Lecture 25 Unit 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 25 Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the mouth

A

mechanical and chemical breakdown, deglutition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the function of the pharynx and esophagus

A

swallowing and avoiding airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the function of the stomach

A

mechanical and chemical breakdown with some absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the function of the small intestine

A

chemical and mechanical breakdown with major absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the function of the large intestine

A

absorption of electrolytes and some vitamins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the function of the rectum and anus

A

defecation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the effectors in the somatic nervous system

A

skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the effectors in the autonomic nervous system

A

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the effectors in the enteric nervous system

A

smooth muscle, glands, and endocrine cells of GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which parts of the PNS are involuntary

A

enteric and autonomic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what part of the PNS is voluntary

A

somatic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what plexuses are in the enteric nervous system

A

myenteric plexus and submucosal plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where does the motor neuron travel to from longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers of the muscularis

A

myenteric plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where does the motor neuron from mucosal epithelium travel

A

submucosal plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how does the motor neuron from mucosal epithelium travel from the submucosal plexus to the myenteric plexus

A

an interneuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where do sensory neurons from mucosal epithelium travel

A

to submucosal plexus, myenteric plexus and to ANS and CNS neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does simple columnar epithelium do

A
  • secretes enzymes and absorbs nutrients
  • specialized cells (goblet) secrete mucous onto cell surfaces
  • enteroendrocrine cells secrete hormones controlling organ function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is lamina propria

A
  • thin layer of loose connective tissue

- contains blood vessels and lymphatic tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is muscularis mucosae

A
  • thin layer of smooth muscle causes folds to form in mucosal layer
  • drives local movements to increase absorption by exposing ingested material to absorptive surfaces
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the submucosa made of

A

loose connective tissue that contains blood vessels, glands and lymphatic tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the submucosal plexus

A
  • part of the enteric nervous sytem
  • receives input from sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons
  • regulates blood vessel diameter, secretion from glands and neurosecretory neurons, and local motility caused by msucularis mucosae
22
Q

what does the muscularis layer have control over

A

deglutition and defecation

23
Q

what is the smooth muscle under involuntary control

A

inner circular fibers and outer longitudinal fibers

24
Q

what does smooth muscle allow

A

motility for mixing and propulsion

25
Q

what is the myenteric plexus

A
  • part of the enteric nervous system with some functions shared with submucosal plexus
  • provides parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation of circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers
26
Q

what is the serosa layer

A
  • a serous membrane also called visceral peritoneum
  • secretes serous fluid
  • consists of areolar connective tissue covered with simple squamous epithelium
27
Q

describe the adventitia

A
  • only in esophagus

- consists of areolar connective tissue without the epithelium

28
Q

what is the peritoneal caity

A

space containing serous fluid

29
Q

what does visceral peritoneum cover

A

organs

30
Q

what does parietal peritoneum line

A

walls of body cavity

31
Q

what happens in mechanical digestion

A
  • breaks food into pieces

- mixes with saliva so that it forms a moist bolus

32
Q

what happens in chemical digestion

A
  • salivary amylase begins starch digestion in the mouth but when the bolus hits the acidic gastric juices digestion stops
  • lingual lipase is secreted by glands in tongue and begins breakdown of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol
33
Q

what increases salivation

A

sight, smell, sounds, memory of food and tongue stimulation

34
Q

what decreases salivation (dry mouth)

A

fear and anxiety

35
Q

what is saliva made of

A

water, bicarbonate, enzymes

36
Q

what is the function of saliva

A
  • moistens food
  • dissolves food
  • bicarbonate buffers acidic food
  • protects mouth from infection with rinsing action
  • lysozyme helps destroy bacteria
37
Q

what are the stages of swallowing

A

voluntary and involuntary stages

38
Q

what happens in the voluntary stage

A

oral cavity or oropharynx

39
Q

what two stages are in the involuntary phase

A
  • pharyngeal stage

- esophageal stage

40
Q

what happens in the pharyngeal stage

A

pharynx to esophagus

41
Q

where does food pass in the esophageal stage

A

esophagus to stomach

42
Q

how does the involuntary stage begin

A

when sensory nerves in the pharynx signal the deglutition center in brainstem

43
Q

what happens in the involuntary stage

A
  • breathing stops
  • soft palate and uvula rise closing off nasopharynx
  • vocal cords adduct
  • larynx rises
  • epiglottis covers to larynx
44
Q

what happens in the esophageal stage

A
  • upper esophageal sphincter relaxes
  • peristalsis pushes food down
  • lower esophageal sphincter relaxes as food approaches
45
Q

what is the travel time in the esophageal phase for solids? liquids?

A

solids- 4-8 seconds

liquids- 1 second

46
Q

what is GERD

A

if lower sphincter fails to open or if lower sphincter fails to close

47
Q

what does GERD stand for

A

gastro-esophageal reflux disease

48
Q

what happens when the lower sphincter fails to open

A

distension of esophagus feels like chest pain or heart attack

49
Q

what happens when lower esophageal sphincter fails to close

A

-stomach acid enters esophagus and causes heartburn

50
Q

what makes GERD worse if the lower esophageal sphincter fails to close

A
  • a weak sphincter
  • laying down after a large meal
  • smoking and alcohol

Physio 202 Lecture (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions