Lecture 3.2: Bacterial Genetics 2

Question 1

does a flagella undergo Brownian motion?

Answer 1

no

Question 2

energy involved the flagella is driven by the

Answer 2

sodium ion pump

Question 3

swimming phenotype can be monitored using__

Answer 3

motility agar

Question 4

what are the 3 parts of the flagella?

Answer 4

1. basal body
2. hook/rod
3. filament

Question 5

where is the basal body located?

Answer 5

inside the cell envelope

Question 6

where is the hook/rod located?

Answer 6

anchored to cell envelope, outside the cell

Question 7

where is the filament located?

Answer 7

completely outside cell

Question 8

what part of the flagella is most protein abundant?

Answer 8

the filament

Question 9

flagellar gene expression is linked to __

Answer 9

cell cycle, nutrient availability

Question 10

flagellar genes are ___ from ___ locations on the chromosome

Answer 10

co-transcribed; multiple

Question 11

gene expression if hierarchial based on ___

Answer 11

morphogenesis

Question 12

describe gene expression based on morphogenesis

Answer 12

as soon as one structure is done being made, those genes turn off and turn on genes for the next structure

Question 13

the mater operon concerns what class of genes?

Answer 13

early

Question 14

the master operon is made of __

Answer 14

Fihc 2and Fihd2 proteins that form a tetrameric complex

Question 15

the fich/fihd complex acts as ___- for the beginning of flagellar biosynthesis

Answer 15

entry level regulator

Question 16

fichd gene expression is controlled by (5)

Answer 16

1. catabolic repression
2. cell state sensors
3. temperature
4. inorganic salts
5. nutrients

Question 17

fihcd links motility to

Answer 17

immediate environment

Question 18

class 2 genes rely on __ gene expression

Answer 18

sigma 70

Question 19

__- acts as an activator. How does it work?

Answer 19

fihcd. Binds to DNA, allowing RNA polymerase to bind

Question 20

fichd binds to DNA and RNA polymerase is what way

Answer 20

cis-specifically

Question 21

what is the flagella specific sigma factor is encoded from class 2 genes?

Answer 21

sigma 28 (FliA

Question 22

what is the role os sigma 28 in class 2 genes?

Answer 22

confers specifically for class 3 genes via RNA polymerase

Question 23

a ___ in any of the 34 class 2 genes prevents ___

Answer 23

mutation; expression of class 3 genes

Question 24

protein assays show that sigma 28 interacts with ___

Answer 24

FlgM

Question 25

if there is a mutation in class 2 genes, sigma 28 is __ and __

Answer 25

present; inactive

Question 26

FlgM is know as

Answer 26

the anti-sigma factor

Question 27

the anti-sigma factor prevents

Answer 27

expression of class 3 genes

Question 28

flgM and sigma 28 are controlled by the same

Answer 28

transcriptional control

Question 29

when there is a mutation in class 2 genes, __ accuulates

Answer 29

FlgM

Question 30

why have an anti-sigma factor?

Answer 30

to prevent the filament from being made before the hook is ready for it (especially in poor environments)

Question 31

what causes class 3 genes to activate?

Answer 31

de-repression of FlgM (letting it out of the cell)

Question 32

the flagella is a “reversible structure” because it is capable of ___ and ___ motion

Answer 32

cw and ccw

Question 33

the energy obtained from ion movement is transferred into __ energy

Answer 33

rotational

Question 34

bacteria are able to move on motility agar because it is __

Answer 34

not completely solid

Question 35

how can you tell if a bacteria has moved using motility agar?

Answer 35

circles will form are bacteria use nutrient and swim to the next source

Question 36

name the rings of the basal body from inside out

Answer 36

c, ms, p, L

Question 37

why is there strong selection for tight, efficient regulation of flagellar expression?

Answer 37

they are energetically very expensive

Question 38

early genes are responsible for

Answer 38

turning on first and then turning on class two genes

Question 39

middle genes are responsible for

Answer 39

making protein (hook and basal)

Question 40

late genes are responsible for

Answer 40

making filament and cap

Question 41

FlhCD are ____ once flagella are made

Answer 41

autorepressers

Question 42

at least __ transcriptional sites have been identified on the master operon

Answer 42

6

Question 43

6 transcriptional sites of the master operon means 6 __

Answer 43

inputs

Question 44

what is the result of having 6 start sites on the master operon?

Answer 44

more FlhCD that will lead to expression of middles genes

Question 45

function of sigma 70 in class 2 gene expression

Answer 45

allows RNA polymerase to bind and turn on genes

Question 46

flgM is secreted from the bacteria through

Answer 46

the hook basal structure

Question 47

in the making of a flagella, genes get turned on and structures are made, but alsoooo

Answer 47

structures get made and genes get turned on

Question 48

the making of the flagella is an example of development leading to ___

Answer 48

expression