Lecture 3.1: Bacterial Genetics 1

Question 1

describe typical genetic organization

Answer 1

a single promoter drives expression of a single gene

Question 2

what is a promotor?

Answer 2

site on DNA where RNA polymerase binds

Question 3

do bacterial genes have introns?

Answer 3

no

Question 4

where do transcription and translation occur in bacteria?

Answer 4

in the same compartment

Question 5

an opening reading frame starts with __ and ends in __

Answer 5

ATG; TAA, TAG, TGA

Question 6

an open reading frame has potential to encode a__

Answer 6

protein product

Question 7

what happens when bacterial genes are co-expressed?

Answer 7

single promotor controls expression of multiple genes

Question 8

each reading frame has its own corresponding __

Answer 8

Ribosome binding site

Question 9

what happens in the ribosome binding site?

Answer 9

proteins are made

Question 10

genes are regulated based on

Answer 10

environment/immediate factors such as temp, nutrients, growth cycle, infections

Question 11

bacteria have ___ that control a dedicated set of genes

Answer 11

transcriptional activators

Question 12

what are transcriptional activators?

Answer 12

proteins that bind to DNA at specific sites to promote RNA polymerase (turn on transcription)

Question 13

what are sigma factors?

Answer 13

proteins that bind to RNA polymerase and DNA sequence to promote transcription

Question 14

bacterial genes do not have introns therefore, ___ does not need to occur

Answer 14

splicing to remove introns

Question 15

what are introns?

Answer 15

sequences of DNA that dont encode for protein sequence

Question 16

in bacteria, both transcription and translation occur in the

Answer 16

cytoplasm

Question 17

mRNA starts to form at the ___ and ends at the ___

Answer 17

transcriptional start site; terminator

Question 18

do eukarya experience co-expression of genes?

Answer 18

no

Question 19

five open reading frames leads to the transcription of ___ genes

Answer 19

5

Question 20

transcriptional regulation prevents

Answer 20

all genes being expressed all the time

Question 21

what species of bacteria is know to have 14 sigma factors? Why?

Answer 21

bacillus; because they want spores created at the right time and not to be expressed too early/too late