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Microbiology 2100 > Lecture 2.1: What Makes a Bacterium? > Flashcards

Lecture 2.1: What Makes a Bacterium? Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Nucleus

A

membrane enclosed organelle containing a cell’s primary genetic material

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2
Q

chromosome

A

genetic element carrying genes essential to cellular function

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3
Q

plasmid

A

extrachomosomal genetic element that is non-essential for growth

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4
Q

plasmids are used extensively in ___

A

recombinant DNA technology (cloning)

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5
Q

Nucleiod

A

dense electron focusof nucleic acid in cytoplasm

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6
Q

nucleoid is usually associated with __

A

DNA binding proteins involved in chromosome maintenance

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7
Q

a nucleoid is usually how many chromosome? Shape?

A

1; circular

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8
Q

is it better to classify organisms by appearance or by chemical, physical, biological features?

A

the latter

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9
Q

what features can be used as an accurate reflection of the life history of organisms?

A

rRNA, and phylogenetic tree of life

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10
Q

what are the 3 main sectors of the phylogenetic tree of life?

A

archaea, bacteria, eukarya

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11
Q

which group has similar protein translation and transcriptin paradigms to eukarya?

A

archaea

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12
Q

which group is capable of living in extreme environments?

A

archaea

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13
Q

are archaea single or multi-celled?

A

single

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14
Q

do archaea cause disease?

A

NO

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15
Q

archaea have lipids linked by ___

A

ether

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16
Q

do archaea have introns?

A

no

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17
Q

do archaea swim? Do they have a flagella?

A

yes. no.

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18
Q

a prototypic bacterial cell has which 2 features?

A

nucleoid; flagella

19
Q

what causes gram stain to stain?

A

crystal violet forms a complex with iodine that cannot escape from thick cell walls in gram positive

20
Q

peptidoglycan is made of which 2 molecules? Linked by?

A

NAG and NAM; 2 tetrapeptide chains, cross-linked by peptide

21
Q

the major component of CW in gram + is ___

A

lipotechoic acids

22
Q

the innate immune system recognizes which part of a gram + cell?

A

the lipotechoic acids

23
Q

what is the core polysaccharide made of?

A

KDO, heptoses, glucose, galactose, and acetylglucosamine

24
Q

which gram stain cells have a second lipid bi-layer?

A

gram -

25
Q

a polysaccharide is linked by a lipid moiety to make a__

A

lipopolysaccharide

26
Q

lipid A is part of the ___

A

LPS

27
Q

Lipid A is embedded in the

A

outer membrane

28
Q

KDO is covalently bonded to __ and also linked to ___ polysaccharide

A

disaccharide in Lipid A; o-specific

29
Q

Lipid A is a __ that can cause __

A

endotoxin; severe illness

30
Q

Lipid A is similar to ___ in Gram +

A

LTA

31
Q

the 2 bilayers of gram - are separated by thin layer of __ and ___

A

peptidoglycan and periplasm

32
Q

__ in the membrane allow transport of soluble things

A

porins

33
Q

gram - bacteria usually have a different, defining length of __

A

O chain

34
Q

what species of bacteria has a linear plasmid?

A

borrelia

35
Q

plasmids contain __ stranded DNA that can perform ___ DNA replication

A

double stranded; bilateral

36
Q

why use rRNA to reflect on the history of an organism?

A

it is resistant to change over time

37
Q

archaea have DNA polymerase that can ___ and ____ all in one unit

A

make; proofread

38
Q

archaea DNA polymerase enzyme is often harvested for __-

A

PCR

39
Q

LPS is found in gram __- only

A

negative

40
Q

LTA is found in gram ___ only

A

positive

41
Q

two examples of anti-biotics that function by blocking CW synthesis in G+ cells

A

vancomycin, ampicillin

42
Q

LTA are lipoproteins that ___ to the cell membrane

A

interconnect

43
Q

KDO is exclusive to gram __

A

negative

Microbiology 2100 (26 decks)

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