Lecture 2.2: Structure of Bacteria Flashcards
bacteria have a ___ protein synthesis rate
high
bacteria have a lot of ribosomes (T/F)
true
what 2 protein complexes are found in bacteria?
30s and 50s
where does protein synthesis start?
in the 30s
what is the overall size of 30s and 50s?
70s
a bacterial capsule is made of
dense, well-defined polysaccharide/protein layer closely surrounding cell
what are the 4 functions of the capsule?
- protection
- bind water, keep cell from drying out
- promote adherence and biofilm
- prevent phagocytosis
a capsule promotes what 2 things?
adherence to eukaryotes (colonization) and cell-cell contact to make biofilm
what is a biofilm?
sticky mat of growth (group of bacteria)
encapsulated bacteria resist__
phagocytosis
making the capsule requires __
energy and sugars
what are bacterial endospores?
differentiated cells that are highly resistant to heat, chemicals, radiation
how are endospores dispersed?
wind, animals, water
what is sporulation?
a complex process with multiple steps and signals resulting in a dormant yet viable biological body
what is the role dipiclolinic acid?
binds Ca2+ , promating dryness in the core and makes endospores recognizable
what chemical can be used to recognize endospores?
dip acid
endospores contain the blueprint for ___
germination
do bacterial flagella whip?
no, they rotate
in what environment do flagella use swimming motility?
aqueous
in what environment do flagella use swarming motility?
moist surfaces
what part of the flagella is recognized by the innate immune system?
the protein “flagellin”
what does flagellin trigger in the innate immune system?
inflammatory response
what re peritrichous flagella?
on all sides of the bacteria rather than the ends
CCW rotation of flagella is responsible for what type of movement?
runs
CW rotation of flagella is responsible for what type of movement?
tumbles
where are the sensing machinery and flagella located with respect to each other?
at opposite ends
what two factors help bacteria have a high rate of protein synthesis?
many ribosomes and transcription and translation occurring in the same spot
spores can exist in __ or __- environment
soil, abiotic
___ species are known for their sporulating properties
bacillius
two examples of endospores
B. anthracis and C. botulinium
bacteria display ___ behaviour; moving towards/away from things in the environment
chemotactic
bacteria use ___ sensing to move towards good and away from bad
quorum sensing
tumbles allow the bacteria to
reorient to get ready to run again
can bacteria swim backwards?
no, they have to use a series of run and tumble to turn around