Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biocheem > Lecture 31 > Flashcards

Lecture 31 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Lysis in Glycolysis?

A

Taking a sugar and splitting it into two smaller pieces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is done with Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate in glycolysis?

A

It is taken and split into DHAP and GAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many carbons do DHAP and GAP have (the products of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate)?

A

They are both 3 carbon molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What kind of molecules are DHAP and GAP (the product of F-1,6-BP)

A

DHAP is a ketone and GAP is an aldehyde

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the free energy of the Lysis of F-1,6-BP in glycolysis?

A

It is reversible so it has a free energy near 0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How are DHAP and GAP related to each other?

A

They are both products of lysis of F-1,6-BP and the are isomers of one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens to DHAP and GAP?

A

DHAP undergoes an isomerization to create GAP so there are 2 GAPs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the free energy change of the isomerization of DHAP to GAP?

A

The free energy change is close to zero so the reaction is reversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What marks the end of the energy investment phase of glycolysis?

A

The production of two GAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a balanced chemical equation for the energy investment phase?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of Glucose and ATP to Glucose-6-Phosphate?

A

Phosphorylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of G6P to Fructose-6-Phosphate?

A

Isomerization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of F6P to Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate?

A

A phosphorylation reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of F-1,6-BP to DHAP and GAP?

A

A lysis reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of DHAP to GAP?

A

An isomerization reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the balanced equation for the energy investment stage of glycolysis?

A

Glucose + 2 ATP ➡️ 2 GAP + 2 ADP + 2H+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How many molecules of GAP does on Glucose make?

A

Two molecules of GAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where does the split path of glycolysis occur?

A

At the two molecules of GAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How many ATP are produced in the payout phase?

A

4 ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the 2 GAP converted to at the end of the payout phase?

A

Two pyruvate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What kind of reaction does GAP undergo?

A

An oxidation reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is GAP combined with in the oxidation reaction?

A

It is combined with NAD+ and Pi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is GAP converted to?

A

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What high energy molecule is reduced when GAP is oxidized?

A

NAD is reduced to NADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What high energy molecules are produced with Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP) is oxidized?
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and NADH + and H+
26
What is the free energy when GAP is converted to 1,3-BPG?
It is close to zero so its a reversible reaction
27
What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of GAP to 1,3-BPG?
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
28
What does Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate do?
Catalyzes the reaction of GAP to 1,3-BPG
29
Why is 1,3-BPG a high energy intermediate?
Because it is an acyl phosphate
30
What is the conversion of GAP to 1,3-BPG not?
It is not a phosphate transfer it is an oxidation reaction
31
Why is 1,3-BPG a high energy intermediate?
Because the chemical group has a large negative 𝛥G of hydrolysis
32
What is the free energy change of the conversion of GAP to 1,3-BPG?
It has a positive free energy change but can still proceed
33
Why can the conversion of GAP to 1,3-BPG still proceed even though it has a positive free energy change?
* Product concentration is low relative to substrate concentration * 1,3-BPG does not accumulate because it is rapidly consumed in the next reaction * NADH does not accumulate because it is being reoxidized
34
What is the main feature of 1,3-BPG?
It has a large phosphate transfer potential, so it has a very negative free energy change
35
Why are Acyl phosphates important?
Because they are associated with a very negative free energy change when broken by hydrolysis
36
What are the products when hydrolyzing an acyl phosphate?
A carboxyl group and an inorganic phosphate
37
What is 1,3 BPG converted to in glycolysis?
3-Phosphoglycerate and ATP
38
What is the free energy associated with the conversion 1,3-BPG to 3-phosphoglycerate and ATP?
It is approximately zero so it has a reversible free energy change
39
What is 3-phosphoglycerate converted to?
2-Phosphoglycerate
40
What kind of reaction is the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphenolpyruvate?
It is a dehydration reaction
41
What is produced in the dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate?
Phosphoenolpyruvate and H2O
42
What kind of molecule is phosphoenolpyruvate?
It is a high energy intermediate
43
What is Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) used to make?
Another ATP and Pyruvate
44
How is pyruvate produced?
Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is converted by pyruvate kinase to enolpyruvate which is converted to pyruvate and one ATP
45
What is the free energy of the conversion of PEP to Pyruvate and ATP?
The free energy is very negative so it is not reversible
46
Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of PEP to Pyruvate and ATP?
Pyruvate Kinase
47
What does Pyruvate Kinase catalyze?
The conversion of PEP to Pyruvate and ATP
48
What are the products for the overall reaction of glycolysis?
2 Pyruvate + NADH + 2 ATP +H2) + H+
49
How many ATP are consumed per glucose?
2
50
How many ATP are produced per glucose?
4
51
What is the Net ATP production per glucose?
Two
52
Which steps in glycolysis are considered energy capture steps?
* Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate * 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-Phosphoglycerate * Phsophopehnol pyruvate to Pyruvate
52
Which steps in glycolysis are considered energy capture steps?
* Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate * 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-Phosphoglycerate * Phsophopehnol pyruvate to Pyruvate
53
What high energy molecule is made in the conversion of Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate?
NADH
54
What high energy molecule is made in the conversion of: •1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-Phosphoglycerate •Phsophopehnol pyruvate to Pyruvate
ATP
55
What is the net energy gain when 1 mole of dihydroxyacetone phosphate is converted to pyruvate?
1 mole of NADH and 2 moles of ATP
56
What doe Glycolysis regulation ensure?
It ensures energy needs are met and glucose is not wasted when ATP is abundant. It also allows intermediates to be used in other processes and reactions
57
What is the rate of flux through metabolic pathways regulated by?
* Substrate availability * Alteration of enzyme activity * Alteration of amount of enzyme * Compartmentation
58
What is the rate limiting enzyme in glycolysis?
PFK-1
59
What are the three enzymes are regulated in glycolysis?
* Hexokinase * PFK-1 * Pyruvate kinase
60
What is glucose 6-phosphate an inhibitor for?
Hexokinase
61
What does Hexokinase do?
Catalyzes glucose into glucose 6 phosphate
62
What is PFK-1 regulated by?
* ATP * AMP * Citrate * Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate
63
How does ATP affect PFK-1?
ATP inhibits PFK-1
64
How does AMP affect PFK-1?
It activates it
65
How does Phosphoenolpyruvate affect PFK-1?
It is a negative effector
66
How is Pyruvate kinase affected by ATP?
ATP is a negative effector of Pyruvate kinase
67
Where is ATP a negative effector?
At PFK-1 and Pyruvate Kinase
68
How does Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate affect Pyruvate kinase?
It activates it

Biocheem (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions