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Biocheem > Glycolysis and CAC > Flashcards

Glycolysis and CAC Flashcards

1
Q

What are the substrates and products in the conversion of Glucose to Glucose-6-phosphate?

A

Substrates: ATP
Products: ADP + H+

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2
Q

What is the conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate catalyzed by?

A

Hexokinase

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3
Q

What does Hexokinase catalyze?

A

The conversion of Glucose to Glucose-6-Phosphate

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4
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate?

A

A phosphate transfer reaction

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5
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of Glucose-6-Phosphate to Fructose-6-Phosphate?

A

Isomerization

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6
Q

What is the conversion of Fructose-6-Phosphate to Fructose 1-6-bisphosphate catalyzed by?

A

PFK-1

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7
Q

What does PFK-1 catalyze?

A

Fructose-6-phosphate to Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

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8
Q

What are the products and reactants of the conversion of Fructose-6-phosphate to Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate?

A

Products: ADP + H+
Reactants: ATP

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9
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate?

A

A Phosphorylation

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10
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to DHAP and GAP?

A

A lysis

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11
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of DHAP to GAP?

A

An isomerization

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12
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of GAP to 1,3-BPG?

A

Oxidation

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13
Q

What are the substrates and products in the conversion of GAP to 1,3-BPG?

A

Substrates: NAD+ + Pi
Products: NADH + H+

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14
Q

What is the conversion of GAP to 1,3-BPG Catalyzed by?

A

GAPDH

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15
Q

What does GAPDH catalyze?

A

The conversion of GAP to 1,3-BPG

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16
Q

What are the substrates and products when 1,3 BPG is converted to 3-Phosphoglycerate?

A

Substrates: ADP
Products: ATP

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17
Q

What is the first SLP in glycolysis?

A

The conversion of 1,3 BPG to 3 phosphoglycerate that produces ATP

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18
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate?

A

An isomerization

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19
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruavte?

A

A dehydration

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20
Q

What are the substrates and products in the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate?

A

Substrates:
Products: H2O

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21
Q

What kind of molecule is PEP?

A

A high energy molecule

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22
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of PEP to Pyruvate?

A

An SLP

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23
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of PEP to Pyruvate?

A

A SLP

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24
Q

What are the two SLPs in glycolysis?

A
  • 1,3 BPG ➡️ 2-Phosphoglycerate

* PEP ➡️ Pyruvate

25
What are the products and reactants in the conversion of PEP to Pyruvate?
Products: ATP Reactants: ADP + H+
26
What does pyruvate kinase catalyze?
The conversion of PEP to pyruvate
27
What catalyzes the conversion of PEP to Pyruvate?
Pyruvate Kinase
28
What converts Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA?
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH)
29
What does Pyruvate Dehydrogenase do?
Catalyzes the conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA
30
How many NADH are produced by glycolysis and where?
2 NADH are produced. One from each conversion of GAP to 1,3-BPG
31
What are the reactants and products in the conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA?
Reactants: NAD+, Coenzyme A Products: NADH and CO2
32
What kind of reaction is the conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA
Oxidative Decarboxylation
33
What are the reactants and products when Acetyl-CoA is converted to Citrate?
Reactants: H2O Products: CoA
34
What kind of reaction is the conversion of Citrate to Isocitrate?
An isomerization
35
What kind of reaction is the conversion of Isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate?
Oxidative Decarboxylation
36
What catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate?
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase
37
What does Isocitrate Dehydrogenase catalyze?
The conversion of Isocitrate into alpha-ketoglutarate
38
What are the products and reactants in the conversion of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate?
Reactants: NAD+ Products: NADH + CO2
39
What are the substrates and products of the conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA?
Reactants: NAD+ coenzyme A Products: NADH + CO2
40
What catalyzes the conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA?
Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
41
What does alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase catalyze?
The conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA
42
What are the products and reactions when succinyl-CoA is converted to succinate?
Substrates: GDP + Pi Products: GTP + CoA
43
What does the reaction of succinate dehydrogenase catalyze?
The conversion of Succinate to Fumarate
44
What catalyzes the conversion of succinate to fumerate?
Succinate Dehydrogenase
45
What are the reactants and products in the conversion of succinate to Fumarate?
Reactants: FAD Products: FADH2
46
What happens to the FADH2 that is produced in the conversion of succinate to fumerate?
It is reoxidized by Q and which gets reduced to QH2
47
What are the reactants and products in the conversion of Fumarate to Malate?
Reactants: H2O Products:
48
What kind of reaction is the conversion of Fumarate to Malate?
A hydration
49
What are the reactants and products in the conversion of Malate to Oxaloacetate?
Reactants: NAD+ Products: NADH + H+
50
What kind of reaction is the conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA?
Oxidative Decarboxylation
51
What kind of reaction is the conversion of succinyl CoA to Succinate?
SLP
52
What kind of reaction is the conversion of succinate to fumerate?
Oxidation
53
What kind of reaction is the conversion of Fumarate to Malate?
Hydration
54
What kind of reaction is the conversion of Malate to Oxaloacetate?
Oxidation
55
What are the energy capture steps in glycolysis?
* GAP ➡️ 1,3-BPG to create NADH * 1,3-BPG to 2-phosphoglycerate to create ATP * PEP to pyruvate to create ATP
56
What are the energy capture steps in the CAC?
* Isocitrate ➡️ Alpha-ketoglutarate to make NADH * Alpha ketoglutarate ➡️ Succinyl-CoA to make NADH * Succinyl-CoA ➡️ Succinate to make GTP * Succinate ➡️ Fumarate to make FADH2 * Malate ➡️ Oxaloacetate to make NADH
57
What are the SLPs in the CAC?
In the conversion of Succinyl-CoA ➡️ Succinate GTP is made
58
What are the high energy intermediates of the CAC?
•Succinyl-CoA (Thioester)
59
What are the high-energy intermediates of Glycolysis?
* 1,3-BPG (acyl phosphate) * F-1,6-Bisphosphate * PEP

Biocheem (38 decks)

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