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Lecture 22 Flashcards

1
Q

Why are fatty acids amphiphilic?

A

Because of the carboxylate and the hydrocarbon

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2
Q

What is the hydrophilic end of a fatty acid?

A

The carboxylate with a negative charge at pH 7

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3
Q

What is the Hydrophobic end of a fatty acid?

A

The hydrocarbon chain portion

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4
Q

In what configuration are most of the double bonds in fatty acids?

A

They exist in the cis/Z configuration

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5
Q

What is a monounsaturated fatty acid?

A

One that contains a single double bond

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6
Q

What is a polyunsaturated fatty acid?

A

One that contains many double bonds

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7
Q

What does it say about the pka of fatty acids if they carry a negative charge at pH 7?

A

The pH is greater than the pka in that functional group and it is in the base form. And the pka is less than 7

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8
Q

What conformation are most naturally occuring double bond in?

A

The cis conformation

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9
Q

What properties does the cis conformation affect?

A

Melting point

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10
Q

How does cis conformation affect melting point?

A

It lowers melting point making it melt a lower temperature

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11
Q

How do cis double bonds affect physical structure?

A

It introduces kinks or bends into the overall structure

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12
Q

Which carbon do you start counting from when counting the number of carbons in a fatty acid?

A

The carbon in the carboxyl group is alway the first carbon

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13
Q

What is carbon number two in a fatty acid chain?

A

The carbon that is attached to a carboxyl group

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14
Q

What is the ɑ carbon in a fatty acid?

A

The carbon that is attached to the carboxyl group within the fatty acid. Usually carbon 2

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15
Q

What is the greek letter designation of carbon number three in fatty acid chains?

A

It is the β carbon

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16
Q

What is the beta carbon in fatty acids?

A

It is the third carbon in a fatty acid

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17
Q

What does beta oxidation have to do with?

A

The oxidation of the beta carbon in a fatty acid

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18
Q

What is the greek letter designation of the very last carbon of a fatty acid?

A

It is the omega carbon

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19
Q

What is the ɷ carbon?

A

The very last carbon in a fatty acid chain

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20
Q

What is the shorthand notation for describing fatty acids?

A

(# of carbons):(# of double bonds)𝛥(locations of double bonds separated by commas)

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21
Q

What configuration is the double bond assumed to be unless otherwise stated in shorthand fatty acid notation?

A

They are assumed to cis unless it says trans

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22
Q

How does a double bond physically affect a hydrocarbon chain?

A

It introduces a bend in the hydrocarbon chain

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23
Q

What is the preferred conformation of fatty acids?

A

The conformation that gets the carbons as far away from each other as possible to create a low energy structure

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24
Q

What kind of aspect does a double bond introduce into a fatty aicd structure?

A

A rigid aspect

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25
How do double bonds affect degrees of freedom?
It creates less degrees of freedom
26
What do bends in fatty acids impact?
How well the molecules stack together and their melting point and general behavior
27
What is the state of most saturated fatty acids at room temperature?
They are usually solids because their fatty acids stack together
28
What is the general behavior of melting points of saturated fatty acids?
They generally have higher melting points and are solid at room temperature
29
How is melting point affected by length of a fatty acid?
As length increases melting point increases
30
What is the difference between melting point of a short fatty acid and a long fatty acid?
As the length increases the melting point of the fatty acid increases. So a longer fatty acid will have a higher melting point than a shorter fatty acid
31
How do double bonds affect Melting Points of fatty acids?
Increasing double bonds will decrease melting point causing them to be liquid at room temp
32
What is the most important at determining melting point of fatty acids?
Length is important but saturation is most important. Length increases melting point and double bonds decrease melting point
33
How does the degree of unsaturation affect melting point?
The greater the degree of unsaturation (meaning more double bonds) the lower the melting point
34
What two things affect fatty acid melting points?
Length and unsaturation
35
Which length of fatty acids melt at higher temperatures?
Longer fatty acids melt at higher temperatures
36
Which saturation of fatty acids melt at higher temperatures?
Saturated fatty acids melt at higher temperatures
37
How does saturation effect packing of fatty acids?
Unsaturated fatty acids cannot pack together effectively
38
What are the van der walls interactions like in saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated fatty acids are able to align closely and minimize van der waals interactions. Unsaturated fatty acids cannot pack together closely because of the bend
39
What is the difference in packing between trans and cis fatty aicds?
Trans fatty acids don't introduce kinks so they are able to pack together more
40
What is one of the ways that the body stores fats?
In triacylglycerols
41
What is the phobicity of TAG?
They are very hydrophobic (not amphipathic)
42
What is the structure of Triacylglycerol?
They are three acyl chains attached to glycerol
43
What is the difference in melting points between trans and cis fatty acids?
Trans fatty acids have higher melting points than cis melting point because they do not have the kinks that cis fatty acids have
44
What kind of linkage links the acyl to the glycerol?
An ester linkage
45
Which triacylglycerols will have lower melting points?
Those containing fatty acids or shorter chains
46
What type of TAGs are most common?
Mixed TAGs so they have a mixture of saturated and unsaturated chains
47
What are the three types of Membrane li[ids?
* Glycerophospholipids * Sphingolipids * Cholesterol
48
Which membrane lipids include fatty acids as part of their structure?
* Glycerophospholipids | * Sphingolipids
49
What is the structure of Glycerophospholipids?
A fatty acyl group covalently attached to a glycerol
50
What makes Glycerophospholipids Amphipathic?
The presence of a large polar group
51
How many acyl chains is the Glycerol attached to in Glycerophospholipids?
It is attached to two acyl chains
52
What is the glycerol is Glycerophospholipids attached to?
Two acyl chains and a polar head group usually a phosphate group
53
What is the polarity of each part of Glycerophospholipids?
The phosphate head is polar and the two acyl tails are nonpolar
54
What do Glycerophospholipids by themselves usually form?
A bilayer or membrane structure
55
What do fatty acids usually form?
Micelles
56
What is the polarity of Cholesterol?
It is weakly amphipathic
57
What is the flexibility of Cholesterol and why?
It is very rigid because of it ring structure
58
What cause cholesterol to be weakly amphipathic?
Its small -OH group
59
How much of mammalian plasma membranes does cholesterol form?
Around 30%
60
What does each part of cholesterol associate with in the membrane?
* OH associates with polar headgroup of other lipids | * Non-polar portion is found in the membrane
61
What is the function of cholesterol in membranes?
It is important for the melting point behaviors. Maintains Fluidity and rigidity
62
What do fatty acids tend to form in an aqueous environment?
Micelles
63
What do membrane lipids tend to form in an aqueous environment?
They form a bilayer
64
Why do Micelles or Bilayers form?
To limit unfavorable contact between water and H2O and hydrophobic tails and still permit solvation of polar head groups

Biocheem (38 decks)

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