Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biocheem > Lecture 29 > Flashcards

Lecture 29 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the electron transport chain made of?

A

A chain of electron carriers with increasing reduction potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What allows the the complexes to pump H+ ions into the intermembrane space?

A

The energy that electron transport chain releases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many protons are exported from the matrix to the intermembrane space for every NADH that is oxidized?

A

10 protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is proton translocation occuring with the oxidation of NADH?

A

At complex I, III, IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does the redox reactions occuring in complex I, III, and IV effect the proteins?

A

It causes a conformational change within them that allows it to pump H+ ions from the matrix to the intermembrane space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is complex II associated with?

A

The oxidation of succinate to Fumarate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What oxidizes Succinate to Fumarate?

A

Complex II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does complex II contain as a functional group?

A

FAD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the electrons from succinate being oxidized transferred to?

A

Coenzyme Q in the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many protons are moved across the membrane at complex II?

A

None

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does Complex II oxidizing succinate affect the molecule?

A

It forms a double bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are carbon carbon bond reduction processes associated with?

A

The reduction of FAD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is usually involved in the oxidation of carbon oxygen bonds?

A

NAD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a part of the tertiary structure of complex II?

A

FAD/FADH2 is a prosthetic group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is FADH2 reoxidized in complex II?

A

By giving the electrons to coenzyme Q which becomes QH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens when NADH is being oxidized as part of complex I?

A

It leads to the reduction of Coenzyme Q to QH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the difference in Complex I and II?

A

Complex I uses NADH and Complex II uses FADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where do Complex I and II converge?

A

At Coenzyme Q

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What leads to the oxidation of Coenzyme Q?

A

It interaction at complex III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How many protons does reduction of Cyt C at complex III in the electron transport move into the intermembrane space?

A

4H+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How many protons does oxidation of Cyt C at complex IV in the electron transport move into the intermembrane space?

A

2H+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

A

Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How many water molecules are produced at the end of the electron transport chain for every FADH that is oxidized?

A

One water molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How many protons total are moved to the intermembrane space in FADH2 oxidation?

A

6 protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the difference between water production in FADH2 vs NADH oxidation?
FADH2 oxidation produces more water
26
Oxidation of which cofactor produces more ATP?
Oxidation of NADH produces more ATP
27
Where do protons move during the electron transport chain?
Protons move from matrix to the intermembrane space
28
Where is the proton concentration higher and more positive after electron transport?
The proton concentration is higher and the charge is higher in the intermembrane space
29
What determines the rate of oxygen consumption?
The speed of electron transport
30
What deals with the thermodynamics of oxygen consumption in electron transport?
* The high affinity of oxygen for electrons | * The fact that electron affinity of the components increases as electrons move down the electron transport chain
31
What is the potential energy of the H+ gradient converted to?
The chemical energy in the phosphoanhydride bonds
32
What does Oxidative phosphorylation include?
* The electron transport | * ATP synthase
33
What happens in ATP synthase?
It admits protons and the protons drive mechanical action which leads to the formation of phosphoanhydride bonds
34
Approximately how many H+ are needed for one ATP to be synthesized by ATP synthase?
3H+
35
What are the two portions of ATP Synthase?
Fo and F1
36
What are the characteristics of Fo?
* Transmembrane portion * Protons pass through * Trigger conformational change in F1
37
What are the characteristics of the F1 portion?
* Catalytic portion | * Synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi
38
What does the rate of ATP synthesis determine?
Proton movement and ultimately oxygen consumption
39
What drives the rate of ATP synthesis?
The concentration of ADP and Pi
40
What kind of secondary structure is seen in the transmembrane portion of ATP synthase?
Alpha helices
41
What kind of structures are typically crossing a cell membrane in a protein structure?
Regular Secondary Structure
42
What is the transmembrane portion of ATP synthase associated with?
The proton translocation process
43
What does the central shaft that penetrates the catalytic component do?
Triggers conformational changes in the catalytic component
44
How many active sites synthesize ATP in ATP synthase?
Three
45
What is a primary active transport that uses ATP that generates a proton gradient?
The backwards of ATP synthase
46
How does ATP Synthase work?
It uses the proton gradient to transfer a phosphate on ADP
47
How is ADP brought into the matrix for ATP synthesis and how is ATP brought into the intermembrane space to be used?
The Adenine Nucleotide Translocase
48
What is the The Adenine Nucleotide Translocase?
An antiport that moves ATP into the intermembrane space and move ADP into the Matrix so it can be made into ATP
49
What is the The Adenine Nucleotide Translocase helped by?
The proton gradient
50
Why is the The Adenine Nucleotide Translocase helped by the proton gradient?
Because ATP is more negative it want to go where there is a high concentration of protons which is the intermembrane space
51
How is Pi imported into the matrix to b used in ATP formation?
Using the Pi-H+ symport
52
How does the Pi-H+ Symport work?
It imports Pi using the concentration gradient of H+, so one H+ is brought inside as well as Pi
53
How many protons are imported for every ATP synthesized and where do they come from?
Four total. Three come from the ATP synthase and one comes from the Pi-H+ Symport
54
What is the relationship between Oxidation and Phosphorylation?
They are generally coupled
55
What is coupling?
The connection that exists between ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption
56
What is the rate at which ATP is made determined by?
The concentration of ADP and Pi
57
What does the rate of ATP synthase making ATP determine?
Determines the rate that protons are coming back into the mitochondrial matrix
58
What happens as a result of protons coming into the mitochondrial matrix?
The electron transport chain increases its rate the replenish the proton gradient
59
What is the P:O ratio?
The amount of ATP made (P) per oxygen atom reduced to water (O)
60
How many water is made for each NADH or FADH2 being reoxidized?
One water
61
How many H+ are imported during ATP synthesis?
3H+ (ATP synthesis) | 1H+ (P-H+ symport)
62
What is the P:O ratio for NADH?
2.5/NADH reoxidized
63
What is the P:O ratio of FADH?
1.5/FADH2 reoxidized
64
What is the rate of oxidative phosphorylation determined by?
The relative concentration of ADP
65
When does oxygen consumption rise?
When ADP concentration rises
66
What does ADP concentration reflect?
The energy consumption of the cell
67
What are the concentrations of ADP and Pi if there is low energy use?
There are low concentrations of ADP and Pi
68
How do low concentration of ADP and Pi affect the ATP synthase?
They cause low ATP synthase activity
69
How does low ATP synthase activity affect the H+ gradient?
It makes the H+ gradient increase
70
How does an increased H+ gradient affect e- transport?
It decreases e- transport
71
How does Decreased e- transport affect the concentration of NADH and FADH2?
It increases NADH and FADH2 concentrations
72
How does decreased e- transport affect O2 consumption?
O2 consumption drops
73
What does an increase in the [NADH] and [FADH2] do to the CAC and PDH?
Inhibits CAC and PDH
74
How is ATP Synthase affected by high [ADP] and [Pi]?
ATP Synthase activity increases
75
How does increase ATP synthase activity affect the H+ gradient?
It decreases the H+ gradient
76
How does a decrease in the H+ gradient affect the e- transported?
It increases e- transport
77
How does increased e- transport affect [NADH] and [FADH2]?
It decreases their concentration
78
How does increased e- transport affect O2 consumption?
It increases O2 consumption
79
How does decreased [NADH] and [FADH2] affect CAC and PDH?
It activates CAC and PDH

Biocheem (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions