Lecture 3 Flashcards
Explain the Normative model
That people are ‘Naive psychologists’ and use optimal strategies ensuring objectively correct answers
Is the Normative model still supported?
Not overly as people have limited cognitive capacity and would look for a less effortful approach
What are we theorised to be?
Cognitive Misers. Invoves using less cognitive effort
What is a Heuristic?
Cognitive shortcut which produced predictable errors
How do we use heuristics?
We use cognitive representations or experiences as proxies for objective data
What is representativeness in terms of judgement?
Judgements based on similarity
What is availability in terms of judgement?
Judgements based on ease that information comes to mind
Objective frequency is related to…
Ease of retrieval
Salient, primed, and accessible factors are…
More likely to be judged as causal
What is the Fundamental Attribution Error?
Tendency to over-attribute behaviour to INTERNAL factors
What is the Actor-Observer Effect?
Tendency to make the Fundamental Attribution Error more with others than ourselves
Describe anchoring and adjustment in terms of judgement
Judgements ties to initial standards. Previous judgements are often good approximations
Describe the two stage model of attribution
Stage 1 = automatic internal attribution serves as an anchor
Stage 2 = effortful adjustment for situational factors, if time and motivation permit
If a person is under a cognitive load what is the effect on making attributions?
They are more likely to make an internal attribution
Describe counterfactuals
Judgements based on ease of imagination
->the ease of imagining something is related to the likelihood of the real event taking place
