Lecture 13 Flashcards
What is functional exposure?
Being physcially closer e.g. same dorm floor, gives a higher chance of exposure to one another
What is the matching hypothesis?
That people seek others who are similar to themselves
Friends and lovers are more similar in what?
- Education
- Attitudes
- Height/weight
A possible explanation for choosing similar people is implicit egocentrism, describe this
Possible reason for choosing similar people is because we like ourselves. We like things/qualities that remind us of ourselves
What is the self-verification idea when choosing similar people?
- That we look to gain confidence through others
- By people thinking/feeling the same as you, this will confirm your self beliefs
What is the Dissonance/Balance Theory?
- Balance theory is a precursor to dissonance, it models interpersonal interactions in terms of triads
- > we are motivated to like things our friends like, dislike things our enemies like
In the Balance Theory, how many positive interactions should a balanced triad have?
A positive number of relations
Describe the idea of Reverse Causality
We come to grow more similar to people we like
->e.g. long term couples tend to grow similarly due to sharing a lot of the same experiences
Describe Assortive Mating
- Assumes a non randomness in people’s mating choices
- Everyone wants the most attractive person
- > attractive people pair with attractive people
- > all that’s left for the unattractive people are the other unattractive people
What are the evolutionary explanations for choosing a similar mate?
- Similarity as Safety
- >Familiarity should indicate safe stimuli, similarity could be this cue - Similarity as Kin Selection
- >Kin selection = explains alturism
- >People are more likely to act altruistically if they are benefiting genetic relatives
- >Proposal is we use similarity to identify who we are related to
What are caricatures?
An exaggeration of facial features. Extreme features are made prominent causing the face to look LESS attractive
What is an anticaricature?
A minimisation of extreme features, the faces become MORE attractive
True or False
Blended faces are considered less attractive
FALSE
Blended faces are considered more attractive than the original faces used
What can distinctiveness be related to?
A lack of appeal
(Averageness)
What is perceptual fluency?
Items that are good examples of their categories will be categorised faster
->difficulty to categorise (extra time spend) is correlated with negativity, so the longer it takes = less appealing
How does averageness work as a cue for genetic quality?
Average traits in faces are more likely to be associated with good health
->deformities/extreme abnormalities can indicate bad health
How does averageness affect familiarity?
People tend to prefer familiar things
->Functionality = possible that unusual items of the category might not work as well as the average. Deviating from ‘optimal’ (average) could cause a faulty design
What is social exchange?
Relationship satisfaction depends on the balance of rewards and costs. Whether you like someone depends on this balance
What is comparison level?
Satisfaction depends on ‘comparison level’ of the current relationship and of the imagined alternatives
What us equity theory?
Cost/rewards ratio in a relationship must be compatible for both partners. Balance needs to be equally shared between the two.
What is the sexual selection theroy?
- Assumes attraction is a mechanism to choose an individual who will benefit your reproduction
- > Men have minimal investment (build to produce many, not spend much time )
- > Women are more invested and therefore more selective about their mates
- > Men are more inclined to engage in sexual behaviour
