Lecture 3 Flashcards
complex network of nerve and cells that carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body
nervous system
highly specialized cell in the nervous system that is responsible for the reception, conduction, and transmission of electrochemical signals
neurons
classes of neurons
- unipolar neurons
- bipolar neurons
- multipolar neurons
neuron with one process extending from its cell body
unipolar neurons
unipolar neurons are found primarily in the _______
afferent division of the PNS
neuron type if the axon that extends from the cell body splits into two branches
pseudounipolar
neuron with two processes extending from its cell body
bipolar neurons
2 processes of bipolar neurons:
- dendrite
- axon
example of bipolar neurons
sensory neurons found in olfactory epithelium and the retina of the eye
neuron with more than two processes extending from its cell body
multipolar neurons
multipolar neurons has a ____ axon and _____ dendrites extending from the cell body
- single
- multiple
multipolar neuron in the cerebellum that has many branching dendrites but only one axon
purkinje cell
3 kinds of neurons:
- sensory neurons
- motor neurons
- interneurons
afferent neurons
sensory neurons
efferent neurons
motor neurons
(kind of neuron) neurons with a short axon or no axon at all that are located between motor and sensory pathways and are highly involved in signal integration
interneurons
(kind of neuron) transmit information away from the CNS toward some type of effector
motor neurons
(kind of neuron) transmit information from sensory receptors in the skin or the internal organs toward the CNS for processing
sensory neurons
selectively permeable or semipermeable membrane that encloses the neuron
neuron cell membrane
facilitates the transport of substances across a cell membrane
channel protein
transfer a signal to the inside of the neuron when particular molecules bind to them on the outside of the membrane
signal proteins
parts of a neuron
- cell body
- nucleus
- dendrites
- axon hillock
- axon
- myelin sheath
- nodes of rainver
- buttons
- synapses
gaps between adjacent neurons across which chemical signals are transmitted
synapses
gaps between sections of myelin facilitate the rapid conduction of nerve impulses
nodes of ranvier