Lecture 23 - the personality equation - november 26

Question 1

Why reaching a threshold level of social courage is important?

Answer 1

because it helps us to develop

• free trait theory (have to be able to show social courage to have the work for us)
• attachment relationships
• identity and intimacy stage
• autonomy (what is personally but need social courage to do this)
• positive affect system (higher E = higher social courage)
• self esteem and social inclusion (a sociometer if you feel respected and valued by the people close to you)
• uninhibited expression of motives (low E blocks ability to show power/intimacy motivation)
• exploration efforts for identity (benefits come from exploring)
• life story; things actually happen (need to have a life, make things happen and put ourselves out there)

Question 2

what does social courage relate to

Answer 2

social dominance E

Question 3

is the power pose research valid

Answer 3

no, it has not been replicated (people couldn’t replicate it)

Question 4

what can people do to be more confident if the power pose does not work

Answer 4

act more E

Question 5

explain what happened when introverts acted as extroverts

Answer 5

 117 Carleton Psychology Students
 Pre-assessed trait extraversion 6
 3-person Group discussion of 18-20 minutes
facilitated by Experimenter
– Rank order usefulness of 10 items after plane crash
– Plan how group would spend a day together.
 Each group member assigned to 3conditions
– Act extroverted
4 3 2
– Act introverted 1
– No instruction control (naïve participants who later rated
the other two for E and I. 0
 Description of Groups
– E condition “act bold, talkative, energetic, active, assertive and adventurous.”
– I condition “act reserved, quiet, lethargic, passive, compliant, unadventurous.”
 Affective Reaction to group
 Stroop test to assess ego-depletion

Question 6

explain the ego-depletion results

Answer 6

low scores = completed troop test faster

• when I playing E, there is a cost and slower troop test
• when E plays I,

Question 7

what does acting E do

Answer 7

Acting extroverted lead to higher Positive Affect and higher authenticity across the week for the sample as a whole.

Question 8

does Postive affect return to normal or perminately stay up

Answer 8

returns to normal after about 2 weeks

Question 9

introverted p’s acting extroverted reported what

Answer 9

– Increased Negative Affect
– Increased tiredness
– Decreased authenticity

Question 10

How do our beliefs (or mindsets) about aspects of our personality influence our adaptation and growth?

Answer 10

 “Much of personality is a flexible and dynamic thing that changes over the lifespan and is shaped by experience. What is more, we are beginning to understand how to change it.”
 “I focus on core beliefs or belief systems that can organize and shape people’s goals and strivings, as well as their construals and reactions to the environment, to create consistent patterns of experience and actions.”

Key concepts;
 Mindset (or Implicit Theory)
 Learning versus Performance Goals
 Mastery versus Helpless Pattern of Response

Question 11

what are the 2 beliefs about intelligence

Answer 11

A. Your intelligence is something about you that you cannot change very much.
B. No matter how much intelligence you have, you can always change quite a bit.

Question 12

what re the Benefits of incremental (or malleable) theory

Answer 12

   
Openness to learn;
Willingness to confront challenge; Ability to stick with difficult tasks; Capability to bounce back from failure

Question 13

can implicit theories be altered

Answer 13

yes with interventions

Question 14

can the theory of implicit theories being altered with interventions be extended to social behaviour

Answer 14

“If beliefs about the  malleability of personal attributes play a role in challenging academic settings, they may also play a role in
challenging social
settings.”

Question 15

define shyness

Answer 15

An affective- behavioral syndrome characterized by social anxiety and interpersonal inhibition that results from prospect of interpersonal evaluation.

different from introversion

Question 16

what are safety behaviours

Answer 16

deliberate actions that anxious people adopt to minimize negative outcomes; subtle and indirect

things they do to stay in convos but nope and in a sneaky way of feeling more safe

Question 17

what are Alden’s Conclusions

Answer 17

ICBT helps 90% of socially anxious pt’s
 Key is not only exposure to feared situations but change
from safety to mastery behaviors.
 People know what their safety behaviors are;
 People overestimate the visibility of their anxiety.
– “It doesn’t matter if you are anxious as long as you are friendly.”
– “It’s not how anxious you are but how friendly you are that counts”

Question 18

Why reaching a threshold level of social confidence/ assertiveness is important?

Answer 18

 Temperament – affect systems;
 Self esteem & Social Inclusion
 Attachment relationships
 Motive expression
 Identity and Intimacy Stage
 Autonomy
 Life Story
 Positive affect system  Self-esteem and social
inclusion
 Uninhibited expression of
motives
 Exploration efforts
 Life Story – things will
actually happen

Question 19

can you change the big 5

Answer 19

1st step; adopt a growth mindset and then…

• A; pos psychology interventions random acts of kindness)
• N; CBT techniques, broadly construed (mindful, reducing harsh cognition)
• C; motivational strategies to improve self-control, strategies to improve goal setting