Lecture 20

Question 1

Compare and contrast catabolic, anabolic and amphibolic pathways

Answer 1

Question 2

Where is the energy stored within macromolecules? How is the energy released? What are the 2 major categories of energy carriers?

Answer 2

Question 3

In CHEMICAL BOND ENERGY where is the energy stored? What are examples? What is the signal of low energy in the cell? How does ATP get stored?

Answer 3

Question 4

For reducing equivalents where is the energy stored? What are the forms its stored as? What is the NAD+/NADH oxidized/reduced cytosolic ratio? What is the NADP+/NADPH oxidized/reduced cytosolic ratio? What are NADPH/NADH used for?

Answer 4

Question 5

Energy is extracted from ________ (carbohydrate, protein or fat) via ______, resulting in the end waste products: ________. Building blocks to a common intermediate _____. What does the TCA cycle do? What produces the energy from the ETC? What does it require? How does ETC produce ATP?

Answer 5

Question 6

What are the characteristics of short-term fasting? Long- term fasting?

Answer 6

Question 7

What hormones are phosphorylated? For the metabolic hormones epinephrine, glucagon and insulin, identify the types of receptors to which each binds and where the receptors are.

Answer 7

Question 8

Describe the downstream effect on target proteins of liver in high insulin/ low insulin state

Answer 8

Question 9

List all the metabolic pathways/cycles that are active in the liver during absorptive (fed) phase, short-term and long-term postabsorptive phases.
-List the starting substrate(s) and ending product(s) in each pathway or cycle.
-List each pathways opposing (or paired) pathway.

Answer 9