Exam3- L25/26 Carbohydrate metabolism

Question 1

What is the normal fasting range for blood glucose?

Answer 1

Question 2

What is the service act of the liver to minimize postprandial hyperglycemia?

Answer 2

Question 3

What is the service act of the muscle to minimize post-prandial hyperglycemia?

Answer 3

Question 4

What/why/WHERE/who of glycogenesis

Answer 4

Question 5

What are the 3 steps of glycogenesis? What are the 2 steps of branching and what enzymes are used?

Answer 5

Question 6

In the fasting state how do we maintain fasting normoglycemia? What are the sources of fuel for the muscle/adipose/brain/liver/RBC for a short term and long term fast?

Answer 6

Question 7

Answer 7

Q1:D

Q2:C

Question 8

What are the precursors for gluconeogenesis? What contribute to the protein sparing effects in gluconeogenesis during short& long term fasting?

Answer 8

Question 9

Hepatic glycogenolysis (100 g)
during the FASTING state

Answer 9

Question 10

What/why/when/WHERE IN CELL/who of liver glycogenolysis

Answer 10

Question 11

What are the enzymes involved with liver glycogenolysis? What is the rate limiting enzyme? What’s the cofactor?

Answer 11

Question 12

Hepatic/Renal gluconeogenesis during the FASTING state

Answer 12

Question 13

What/why/when/where/who/how for gluconeogenesis. What are the precursors for gluconeogenesis? What does it take to produce one molecule of glucose?

Answer 13

Question 14

What does pyruvate carboxylase do for gluconeogenesis? How is it regulated? What is the duel role of pyruvate carboxylase in the fasted state? What’s the cofactor for pyruvate carboxylase? Can the precursor be inhibited?

Answer 14

Question 15

What is the malate-aspartate shuttle and why do we need it?

Answer 15

Question 16

What role does PEPCK play in gluconeogenesis?

Answer 16

Question 17

What is the rate limiting step of gluconeogenesis and what is the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction?

Answer 17

Question 18

What are 2 bifunctional enzymes involved with gluconeogenesis? What is it regulated by?

Answer 18

Question 19

What role does G6Pase have in gluconeogenesis? What are the gluconeogenic precursors that regulate gluconeogenesis?

Answer 19

Question 20

What is the biochemical significance of glycogen in exercising muscle?

Answer 20

Question 21

Describe the reciprocal regulation of glycogenesis and glycogenolysis. What is the state of insulin/glucagon/epinephrine in glycogenesis and glycogenolysis?

Answer 21

Question 22

How is the liver being regulated in glycogenesis?

Answer 22

Question 23

How is muscle being regulated in glycogenesis?

Answer 23

Question 24

Answer 24

Q1:C/D

Question 25

What is the Cori cycle?

Answer 25

Question 26

How are the pathways interconnected and coordinated during the fasting state?

Answer 26