Exam 3- L23/24/25 Metabolism 1-3 Flashcards
What are the liver pathways associated with absorptive & postabsorptive phases? Energy is coming from the complete oxidation of what? What are the 5 steps of each?
What is the role of the liver in energy and glucose homeostasis?
What are the GLUTs 1-4, their distribution & their important features? Why does GLUT2 use so much glucose?
What is the what/why/when/where/who/how of glycolysis?
What is the aerobic glycolysis reaction? What does the energy investment phase consist of? What does the energy generation phase yield?
What is the anaerobic glycolysis reaction? What tissues does this occur in? What enzyme catalyzes the reaction
What are the regulatory (irreversible) reactions in aerobic & anaerobic glycolysis?
What is the glucokinase/ hexokinase affinity/ Vmax? What are they inhibited by? & what happens with a glucokinase deficiency?
How does the irreversible step 3 PFK-1 work? What are the allosteric inhibitors/ activators?
Step 10- pyruvate kinase. What are the 3 regulators?
What is Lactate dehydrogenase and what reaction does it catalyze?
When does lactic acidosis happen? What are the 3 situations and what’re the causes?
What are the 2 shuttles NADH uses? What 2 things are the shuttles crucial for?
What are the 5 key steps in the oxidation of glucose? What are the 5 key steps to the oxidation of FA-CoA
What/why/where/when/who of Pyruvate and acetyl CoA. What are the 3 inhibitors of PDHC? What happens in the fasted state-where does Pyruvate come from?
What are the PDHC coenzymes and their vitamin precursors?
What happens with a PDHC deficiency? What’s the treatment? Thiamine deficiency? Syndrome?
What are the 5 key steps for the complete oxidation of glucose? What are the steps for the complete oxidation of FA-CoA
What/why/when/where/who/how of TCA cycle: from Acetyl-CoA to NADH, FADH2. What’s the fate of Acetyl-CoA? Is the TCA cycle anaerobic?
How is the TCA cycle regulated? What are the 3 regulatory enzymes? Which enzyme is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane?
Whats happening to the TCA cycle in the fasting/ fed state? What is anaplerosis?
What are the 2 major ways the TCA cycle is regulated?
How can the TCA cycle be sped up? What about in the fed state? Fasting state? What’s the important coenzyme?
What are the clinical symptoms of arsenic poisoning? What is the biochemical basis for its toxicity?
What are the 5 regulatory steps in absorptive phase in the oxidation of glucose?What about energy oxidation of FA-CoA?
What is the what/why/when/where/who of ETC/OP?
What is the origin/destination of NADH/ FADH2/ O2
What is the general characteristics of the OMM & IMM?
What are the characteristics of Complex 1/2 in ETC? What complex integrates ETC with krebs cycle?
What are the characteristics of CoQ/ complex 3 of the ETC? What are the characteristics of complex 4/5?
What are the 3 stages involved in the capture of chemical energy and ATP synthesis of the ETC?
LHON? Onset?
What is Leigh syndrome? Presentation?
What are the consequences of the inhibitors of the ETC? What do inhibitors of ETC prevent? What are 2 types given?
What do uncouplers of the ETC do? What are the consequences? What is the example given?
What are the natural uncoupling proteins? Hyperthyroidism?
Compare ETC inhibitors vs. ETC uncouplers. What are the ETC inhibitors? What are the ETC uncouplers? What do they both result in?
What is the regulation of the TCA cycle and OP controlled by? What does atractyloside do?
