Lecture 13

Question 1

How does DNA damage occur? What happens if its passed onto future generations

Answer 1

Question 2

What are the 3 steps for unrepaired mutations becoming a permanent part of the genome?

Answer 2

Question 3

What is an example of a mutation? How does it happen?

Answer 3

Question 4

What is responsible for proofreading the DNA? What are the mechanism to repair the damage?

Answer 4

Question 5

What does the replication bubble create? What is the solution to the problem?

Answer 5

Question 6

What does MMR do? How does MMR discriminate between the mother and daughter cell?

Answer 6

Question 7

What are the 4 steps involved with MMR? What is the complex involved? When does this occur?

Answer 7

Question 8

What happens if there is a mutation in MSH1 or MSH2?

Answer 8

Question 9

How are single strand damages repaired? How are double strand breaks repaired?

Answer 9

Question 10

How is base excision repair initiated? What are 3 types of glycosylases?

Answer 10

Question 11

What is an example of base excision repair and what are the 4 steps to fixing the problem?

Answer 11

Question 12

What does Nucleotide excision repair do? What are the 4 steps of NER?

Answer 12

Question 13

How are single-strand damages repaired? What are the common/ shared mechanisms?

Answer 13

Question 14

What is non-homologous end joining? What is it used to fix? What is the complex that helps?

Answer 14

Question 15

What is homologous recombination? When is HR generally used? What is used to repair the damage?

Answer 15

Question 16

What are the genes BRCA1/ BRCA2? What do they do? What happens if they aren’t working properly?

Answer 16

Question 17

What are some endogenous sources of DNA damage? What are some exogenous sources?

Answer 17

Question 18

What is spontaneous deamination? What is the solution? What is the repair mechanism?

Answer 18

Question 19

What does DNA damage by base hydrolysis result in? How is it repaired?

Answer 19

Question 20

What are reactive oxygen species? How are they repaired?

Answer 20

Question 21

How does UV radiation damage DNA? How is it repaired? Two adjacent pyrimidine bases on the same strand become linked to create a ________________

Answer 21

Question 22

What is Xeroderma Pigmentosum? What is the defective repair mechanism? What does it cause?

Answer 22

Question 23

What are carcinogens? What are DNA adducts? How are they repaired?

Answer 23

Question 24

How is single strand damage repaired? How are links between adjacent bases repaired? Oxidation? DS breaks? Deaminated base? Missing base? DNA adduct?

Answer 24

Question 25

Give me a summary of DNA repair mechanisms

Answer 25