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block 9 anna > lecture 2 biology of skin > Flashcards

lecture 2 biology of skin Flashcards

1
Q

epithelium of the epidermis

A

stratified squamous

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2
Q

what are the epithelial cells of epidermis known as

A

keratinocytes

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3
Q

cells present in the epidermis

A

melanocytes, Langerhans cells, lymphocytes and keratinocytes

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4
Q

what is the dermis supported by

A

fibroblasts

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5
Q

what tissue is the subcautaneous layer

A

loose connective

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6
Q

what cells do you find in the subcutis

A

adipose cells

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7
Q

which layer stains darkest

A

epidermis

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8
Q

what can skin be classified into

A

thick and thin

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9
Q

what is the thickness of the skin dependant on

A

dermis

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10
Q

what is the most abundant skin type

A

thin

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11
Q

where does thick skin cover

A

hands and feet

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12
Q

which type of skin contains glands and hair

A

thin

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13
Q

what is the difference between thick and thin skin

A

in thin skin the stratum corneum is not well defined

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14
Q

what extra thing may thick skin contain

A

an extra layer, this is the stratum lucidum

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15
Q

where do you find the stratum lucidum

A

between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum in thick skin

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16
Q

where do you fin he thinnest skin

A

eyelids

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17
Q

layers of the epidermis

A 
Cornified layer
Granular layer (stratum granulosum)
Spinous layer (stratum spinosum)
Basal layer (stratum basale)
Dermis
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18
Q

what cells are found in the basal layer

A

stem cells

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19
Q

what happens when stem cells leave the basal layer

A

they can no longer proliferate

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20
Q

how do the stem cells of the basal layer divide

A

mitosis

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21
Q

shape and layout of the spinous layer cells

A

flatten and form a polyhedral shape

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22
Q

what is formed in the spinous layer

A

intracellular keratin filaments

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23
Q

what links the cells in the spinous layer

A

demosomes

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24
Q

what are the aggregations of cytokines in the spinous layer

A

tonofibrils

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25
Q

what do tonofibrils form

A

linkages between the cells

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26
Q

what in the stratum granulosum gives the skin it waterproof propeties

A

Keratohyalin granules and lammellar bodies

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27
Q

what do lammellar bodies contain

A

lipid - barrier to water

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28
Q

how do cells of the epidermis die

A

apoptosdis

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29
Q

what are the cells called during apoptosis

A

squames

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30
Q

what is missing from the cells in the conrified layer

A

nuclei

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31
Q

what shape are the cells in the basal layer

A

cuboidal

32
Q

what attatches the stratum basale to the lamia basale

A

hemidesmosomes

33
Q

what protects us from UV damage

A

melanin

34
Q

what produces melanin

A

melanocytes

35
Q

what do melanocytes do with the melanin

A

pakage it into melanosome

36
Q

what happens to melanosome

A

goes into the keratinocytes

37
Q

what structural adantage to melanocytes have

A

projectsions to increase surface area to other cells

38
Q

where do melanocytes arise during development

A

neural crest

39
Q

what immune cell is there in the skin

A

langerhan cells

40
Q

what type of cell is a langerhan cell

A

dendritic cell

41
Q

where do langerhans cells arise

A

bone marrow

42
Q

what is the merkel cell

A

mechanoreceptor

43
Q

where do you find markel cells

A

fingers and toes

44
Q

what are merkel cells responsible for

A

fine touch

45
Q

is the epidermis vascular

A

no

46
Q

two layers of the dermis

A

papillary and reticular

47
Q

what produces collagen and elastin in the dermis

A

fibroblasts

48
Q

papillary dermis structure

A

loose connective tissue

49
Q

what is the papillary dermis made up of

A

collagen fibers and elastin fibers

50
Q

what is the mjority layer of skin

A

reticular dermis

51
Q

structure of reticular dermis

A

dense connective tissue

52
Q

what makes up the reticular dermis

A

bundles of collagen fibers

53
Q

what is adipose tissue separated by in the subcutis

A

fibrous septa

54
Q

what is at the base of the hair follicle

A

bulbus expansion

55
Q

what does th bulbus expansion of the hair follicle contain

A

hair papilla

56
Q

rough structure of diameter of hair

A

cortex, medulla, cuticle

57
Q

what keeps hair soft

A

sebum liquid

58
Q

what secretes sebum liquid

A

subacous glands

59
Q

what is the shape of the subaceous glands

A

branched acinar structure

60
Q

why do acinar cells become distended

A

increasing lipid contents

61
Q

what is the process of acinar cells releasing their contents called

A

holocrine secretion

62
Q

what happens to the acini cell when it releases its contents

A

it dies

63
Q

what do eccicrine cells secrete

A

sweat

64
Q

what is the secretion of sweat called

A

merocrine

65
Q

what shape are eccrine glands

A

coiled tubular

66
Q

what secretes pheromones

A

apocrine glands

67
Q

shape of apocrine glands

A

coiled tubular

68
Q

when do apocrine glands become functional

A

puberty

69
Q

where would you find an apocrine gland

A

reticular dermis or subcutis

70
Q

what type of cell are hair and nails made up of

A

keratinocytes

71
Q

what cells synthesise vitamin D

A

keratinocytes

72
Q

what pigment absorbs UV

A

melanin

73
Q

what produces melanin

A

melanocytes

74
Q

processes involved in deep wound healing

A 
haemostasis
inflammation
fibroplasia
epithelialisation
remodelling
75
Q

scaling

A

shedding of cornified layer

block 9 anna (21 decks)

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