lecture 2 biology of skin

Question 1

epithelium of the epidermis

Answer 1

stratified squamous

Question 2

what are the epithelial cells of epidermis known as

Answer 2

keratinocytes

Question 3

cells present in the epidermis

Answer 3

melanocytes, Langerhans cells, lymphocytes and keratinocytes

Question 4

what is the dermis supported by

Answer 4

fibroblasts

Question 5

what tissue is the subcautaneous layer

Answer 5

loose connective

Question 6

what cells do you find in the subcutis

Answer 6

adipose cells

Question 7

which layer stains darkest

Answer 7

epidermis

Question 8

what can skin be classified into

Answer 8

thick and thin

Question 9

what is the thickness of the skin dependant on

Answer 9

dermis

Question 10

what is the most abundant skin type

Answer 10

thin

Question 11

where does thick skin cover

Answer 11

hands and feet

Question 12

which type of skin contains glands and hair

Answer 12

thin

Question 13

what is the difference between thick and thin skin

Answer 13

in thin skin the stratum corneum is not well defined

Question 14

what extra thing may thick skin contain

Answer 14

an extra layer, this is the stratum lucidum

Question 15

where do you find the stratum lucidum

Answer 15

between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum in thick skin

Question 16

where do you fin he thinnest skin

Answer 16

eyelids

Question 17

layers of the epidermis

Answer 17

Cornified layer
Granular layer (stratum granulosum)
Spinous layer (stratum spinosum)
Basal layer (stratum basale)
Dermis

Question 18

what cells are found in the basal layer

Answer 18

stem cells

Question 19

what happens when stem cells leave the basal layer

Answer 19

they can no longer proliferate

Question 20

how do the stem cells of the basal layer divide

Answer 20

mitosis

Question 21

shape and layout of the spinous layer cells

Answer 21

flatten and form a polyhedral shape

Question 22

what is formed in the spinous layer

Answer 22

intracellular keratin filaments

Question 23

what links the cells in the spinous layer

Answer 23

demosomes

Question 24

what are the aggregations of cytokines in the spinous layer

Answer 24

tonofibrils

Question 25

what do tonofibrils form

Answer 25

linkages between the cells

Question 26

what in the stratum granulosum gives the skin it waterproof propeties

Answer 26

Keratohyalin granules and lammellar bodies

Question 27

what do lammellar bodies contain

Answer 27

lipid - barrier to water

Question 28

how do cells of the epidermis die

Answer 28

apoptosdis

Question 29

what are the cells called during apoptosis

Answer 29

squames

Question 30

what is missing from the cells in the conrified layer

Answer 30

nuclei

Question 31

what shape are the cells in the basal layer

Answer 31

cuboidal

Question 32

what attatches the stratum basale to the lamia basale

Answer 32

hemidesmosomes

Question 33

what protects us from UV damage

Answer 33

melanin

Question 34

what produces melanin

Answer 34

melanocytes

Question 35

what do melanocytes do with the melanin

Answer 35

pakage it into melanosome

Question 36

what happens to melanosome

Answer 36

goes into the keratinocytes

Question 37

what structural adantage to melanocytes have

Answer 37

projectsions to increase surface area to other cells

Question 38

where do melanocytes arise during development

Answer 38

neural crest

Question 39

what immune cell is there in the skin

Answer 39

langerhan cells

Question 40

what type of cell is a langerhan cell

Answer 40

dendritic cell

Question 41

where do langerhans cells arise

Answer 41

bone marrow

Question 42

what is the merkel cell

Answer 42

mechanoreceptor

Question 43

where do you find markel cells

Answer 43

fingers and toes

Question 44

what are merkel cells responsible for

Answer 44

fine touch

Question 45

is the epidermis vascular

Answer 45

no

Question 46

two layers of the dermis

Answer 46

papillary and reticular

Question 47

what produces collagen and elastin in the dermis

Answer 47

fibroblasts

Question 48

papillary dermis structure

Answer 48

loose connective tissue

Question 49

what is the papillary dermis made up of

Answer 49

collagen fibers and elastin fibers

Question 50

what is the mjority layer of skin

Answer 50

reticular dermis

Question 51

structure of reticular dermis

Answer 51

dense connective tissue

Question 52

what makes up the reticular dermis

Answer 52

bundles of collagen fibers

Question 53

what is adipose tissue separated by in the subcutis

Answer 53

fibrous septa

Question 54

what is at the base of the hair follicle

Answer 54

bulbus expansion

Question 55

what does th bulbus expansion of the hair follicle contain

Answer 55

hair papilla

Question 56

rough structure of diameter of hair

Answer 56

cortex, medulla, cuticle

Question 57

what keeps hair soft

Answer 57

sebum liquid

Question 58

what secretes sebum liquid

Answer 58

subacous glands

Question 59

what is the shape of the subaceous glands

Answer 59

branched acinar structure

Question 60

why do acinar cells become distended

Answer 60

increasing lipid contents

Question 61

what is the process of acinar cells releasing their contents called

Answer 61

holocrine secretion

Question 62

what happens to the acini cell when it releases its contents

Answer 62

it dies

Question 63

what do eccicrine cells secrete

Answer 63

sweat

Question 64

what is the secretion of sweat called

Answer 64

merocrine

Question 65

what shape are eccrine glands

Answer 65

coiled tubular

Question 66

what secretes pheromones

Answer 66

apocrine glands

Question 67

shape of apocrine glands

Answer 67

coiled tubular

Question 68

when do apocrine glands become functional

Answer 68

puberty

Question 69

where would you find an apocrine gland

Answer 69

reticular dermis or subcutis

Question 70

what type of cell are hair and nails made up of

Answer 70

keratinocytes

Question 71

what cells synthesise vitamin D

Answer 71

keratinocytes

Question 72

what pigment absorbs UV

Answer 72

melanin

Question 73

what produces melanin

Answer 73

melanocytes

Question 74

processes involved in deep wound healing

Answer 74

``` haemostasis inflammation fibroplasia epithelialisation remodelling ```

Question 75

scaling

Answer 75

shedding of cornified layer